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四面楚歌的故事_成语四面楚歌的出处和典故-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext39.php</b> on line <b>13</b><br /> 万象词典

四面楚歌的成语故事


四面楚歌

拼音sì miàn chǔ gē

基本解释四面都是楚人的歌声。后用来比喻四面受敌;处于孤立无援的处境。

出处《史记 项羽本纪》:“项王军壁垓下,兵少食尽,汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌,项王乃大惊,曰:‘汉皆已得楚乎?是何楚人之多也。’”〖示例〗在这四面楚歌里,凭你怎样伶牙俐齿,也只得服从了。 ★朱自清《航船中的文明》



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四面楚歌的典故

项羽和刘邦原来约定以鸿沟(在今河南荣县境贾鲁河)东西边作为界限,互不侵犯。后来刘邦听从张良和陈平的规劝,觉得应该趁项羽衰弱的时候消灭他,就又和韩信、彭越、刘贾会合兵力追击正在向东开往彭城(即今江苏徐州)的项羽部队。终于布置了几层兵力,把项羽紧紧围在垓下(在今安徽灵璧县东南)。这时,项羽手下的兵士已经很少,粮食又没有了。夜里听见四面围住他的军队都唱起楚地的民歌,不禁非常吃惊地说:“刘邦已经得到了禁地了吗?为什么他的部队里面楚人这么多呢?”说看,心里已丧失了斗志,便从床上爬起来,在营帐里面喝酒;并和他最宠爱的妃子虞姬一同唱歌。唱完,直掉眼泪,在旁的人也非常难过,都觉得抬不起头来。一会,项羽骑上马,带了仅剩的八百名骑兵,从南突围逃走。边逃边打,到乌江畔自刎而死。因为这个故事里面有项羽听见四周唱起楚歌,感觉吃惊,接看又失败自杀的情节,所以以后的人就用“四面楚歌”这句话,形容人们遭受各方面攻击或逼迫的人事环境,而致陷于孤立窘迫的境地。凡是陷于此种境地者,其命运往往是很悲惨的,例如某人因经常与坏人为伍,不事生产,游手好闲;但后来却破那些坏人逼迫的无以为生,求助于别人时,别人也应他平日行为太坏,绝不同情更不理睬,这人所处的境地便是“四面楚歌”。又如学校里讨论学术问题,其学生不学无术(成语,意即没有学术)、信口雌黄、颠倒是非,同学们群起而攻之,这学生便完全处于孤立地位,这也可叫做“四面楚歌”。在我们的人生历程上,在我们的日常生活中,好好的做人,脚踏实地的做事,若是行差踏错,就未免要遭受“四面楚歌”的厄运了。


更多成语出处和典故


※ 与(四面楚歌)相关的成语及历史出处:

成语 历史出处

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自暴自弃

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先秦 孟轲《孟子 离娄上》:“自暴者,不可与有言也;自弃者,不可与有为也。”

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忠臣不事二君,烈女不更二夫

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清·褚人获《隋唐演义》第49回:“忠臣不事二君,烈女不更二夫。我为隋臣,不能匡救君恶,致被逆贼所弑,不能报仇,而事别主,何面目立于世乎?”

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鹰击长空

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毛泽东《沁园春·长沙》词:“ 鹰击长空,鱼翔浅底,万类霜天竞自由。”

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泥牛入海

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宋 释道原《景德传灯录 潭州龙山和尚》:“我见两个泥牛斗入海,直至如今无消息。”

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趁火打劫

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清 颐瑣《黄绣球》第三回:“这一天见来的很是不少,黄通理更代为踌躇,怕的是越来越多,容不下去,而且难免有趁火打劫,顺手牵羊的事。”

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囊萤映雪

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元 贾仲名《萧淑兰》第一折:“虽无汗马眠霜苦,曾受囊萤映雪劳。”

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望风扑影

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清·石玉昆《三侠五义》第51回:“蒋平道:‘知道五弟向何方而去?不是望风扑影么?’”

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干干脆脆

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曹禺《雷雨》序:“鲁大海自然要个硬性的人来演,口齿举动不要拖泥带水,干干脆脆地做下去。”

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穷途潦倒

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傅抱石《<郑板桥集>前言》:“他的一生,尽管够得上是盘根错节,穷途潦倒的一生。”

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又红又专

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邓小平《在全国科学大会开幕式上的讲话》:“绝大多数科学技术人员热爱党、热爱社会主义,努力同工农兵相结合,满腔热情地对待自己从事的科学技术工作,作出了成绩……就整个说来,不愧是我们工人阶级自己的又红又专的科学技术队伍。”