七夕穿针
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南北朝]：柳恽
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代马秋不归，缁纨无复绪。
迎寒理衣缝，映月抽纤缕。
的皪愁睇光，连娟思眉聚。
清露下罗衣，秋风吹玉柱。
流阴稍已多，馀光亦难取。
七夕穿针鉴赏
七夕是中国传统节令之一，相传在七夕的晚上牛郎织女一年相会一次。据《荆楚岁时记》记载，这天晚上，妇女们纷纷以彩色线穿七孔针，于庭院中陈列瓜果乞巧。民俗流风所及，七夕也成为六朝诗人咏歌的热点。除了歌唱牛郎织女外，“七夕穿针”的作品也不在少数。如梁简文帝萧纲诗“怜从帐里出，想见夜窗开。针欹疑月暗，缕散恨风来”、刘遵诗“步月如有意，情来不自禁。向光抽一缕，举袖弄双针”。柳恽的《七夕穿针》，虽然题材也是传统的闺怨，但比起前面各家来，诗的内容更加丰富，意境也开拓得较深。
诗歌发端“代马秋不归，缁纨无复绪”，且不提七夕穿针，而先说明丈夫从军代地（今河北、山西北部），妻子独处闺中，各色衣裳，无心料理。然而瞬间已到七夕，须为丈夫打点冬装，于是归结七夕穿针这一诗题：旧注引《周礼·春官》中“中秋夜，击土鼓、吹豳诗以迎寒”解释“迎寒”，似乎牵强。这两句诗使用修辞中的“互文格”，即“映月迎寒，抽纤缕理衣缝”，在月光下迎夜凉、穿针孔、缝衣衫。单纯的穿针娱乐变为实际的裁衣寄远，于是民俗与社会问题浑融浃洽，天衣无缝。下文便描写女主人公飞针走线时的容貌神情。的皪，光亮鲜明。连娟，纤细弯曲。眼波媚丽，奈何凝愁远望；眉山春妍，只是紧蹙不舒。全无佳节兴致，更添独居抑郁。这是人物的正面描写。接着诗人再从侧面对环境进行渲染：玉柱，这里代指筝瑟等乐器。罗衣沾露，只为伫立已久，可见时已夜深。秋风拂弦，可见心绪撩乱，置琴不顾。清露点点，微响悠悠，两句勾勒出一片凄清氛围，蕴含着恍惚失神的人物形象。结尾转到人物心理：一夜光阴大半流逝。残夜馀光欲留无计。寥寥十字，辞约义丰，既是慨叹牛郎织女欢会短暂；又是自伤良宵虚度，比之牛郎织女，尤为不及。这两句将节日与日常生活收束合一，将人生感慨与神话传说收束合一，将世间凡人与天上星宿收束合一。神韵超远悠渺，耐人寻味。
此诗的人物描写，堪称细腻。随着时光的推移，由夜晚到中宵再到残夜，或是穿针缝衣的举止，或是颦眉含愁的神情外貌，或写幽清环境，或状嗟伤心绪，移步换形，内涵充实。从而使整首诗歌也显得清隽雅丽，卓然出群。正如清人陈祚明所说的，“柳吴兴诗如月华既圆，云散相映，光气满足。”（《采菽堂古诗选》卷二十五）
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郑谷《
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中秋》
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顾太清《
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鹊桥仙·云林瞩题闰七夕联吟图》
柳恽简介
唐代·柳恽的简介
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柳恽，字文畅，生于宋泰始元年(465年)，卒于梁天监十六年(517年)。祖籍河东解州（今山西运城），南朝梁著名诗人、音乐家、棋手。梁天监元年(502午)萧衍建立梁朝，柳恽为侍中，与仆射，著名史学家沈约等共同定新律。以后在朝中，历任散骑常侍、左民尚书，持节、都督、仁武将军、平越中郎将、广州（今广东广州）刺史。又“征为秘书监、领左军将军”。曾两次出任吴兴（今浙江吴兴县)太守，“为政清静，人吏怀之。梁天监十六年 (517年）卒，享年53岁。赠侍中，中护军。
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