东武吟
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唐代]:李白
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好古笑流俗,素闻贤达风。
方希佐明主,长揖辞成功。
白日在高天,回光烛微躬。
恭承凤凰诏,欻起云萝中。
清切紫霄迥,优游丹禁通。
君王赐颜色,声价凌烟虹。
乘舆拥翠盖,扈从金城东。
宝马丽绝景,锦衣入新丰。
依岩望松雪,对酒鸣丝桐。
因学扬子云,献赋甘泉宫。
天书美片善,清芬播无穷。
归来入咸阳,谈笑皆王公。
一朝去金马,飘落成飞蓬。
宾客日疏散,玉樽亦已空。
才力犹可倚,不惭世上雄。
闲作东武吟,曲尽情未终。
书此谢知己,吾寻黄绮翁。
东武吟译文及注释
译文
我信而好古,流俗的世俗之风看不顺眼,而一向仰慕贤达之风。
我所希望的是能够辅佐明主,功成之后再长揖而去。
皇帝像高悬在天空中的白日一样,它的光辉有幸地照到了我的身上。
我恭承皇上的沼书,起身草莽中,奔赴长安。
从此后在皇帝身边任清贵切要之职,在紫禁城内自由进出。
由于君王的另眼相待,因此我的声名噪起,如凌烟虹。
常履从天子的乘舆,进出于长安城东的温泉宫中。
我乘着宝马来到这风景佳丽之地,身穿锦衣进入新丰镇。
在骊山温泉宫里,有时游山逛景望松雪而寄傲,有时在筵席上对酒弹琴。
也曾像汉代的扬子云献赋甘泉宫一样问皇上献赋。
皇上下诏对我的“雕虫小技”加以赞美,我的美名从此传播开来,天下皆晓。
从温泉宫回到长安后,王公权贵争相交结,好不热闹。
一旦我朝别金马,辞京还山,就如同一颗蓬草一样随风飘落。
门前的宾客日稀,案上的酒杯已空。
但我自觉才力可合,与当世之雄才相比,一点也不比他们差。
闲来作一曲《东武吟》,曲而情犹未尽。
书此诗向诸知己告别,从此吾将追随往昔商山四皓,返吾初服,啸傲山林去了。
注释
东武吟:乐府旧题。《乐府诗集》卷四十一列于《相和歌辞·楚调曲》。东武,齐地名,是泰山下的一座小山。晋陆机、南朝宋鲍照、梁沈约等均有拟作。内容多叹息人生短促,荣华易逝。
好古句:谓崇尚古代淳朴的风尚,嘲笑当时趋炎附势,追名逐利的庸俗风气。
素闻句:言向来了解贤能通达之人的风度。
方希句:谓正希望辅佐明君,建功立业后,急流勇退,如战国的鲁仲连,西汉的张子房。
白日,象征天子,回光,象征君恩。烛,作动词用,即照耀之义。微躬,自身的谦称。
恭承,应诏的敬辞。凤凰诏,帝王使者送达的诏书。欻(xū),忽然。云萝,指深山隐居之处。
清切,清贵而贴近皇帝的官职。紫宵,帝王之居。迥(jiǒng),远。优游,悠闲自得。丹禁,帝居之禁城。
凌,升高。烟、虹,借指天空高处。
乘舆句:言随天子出巡,见其地位之高,受宠之甚。乘舆,天子所乘之车。翠盖,以翠鸟羽毛装饰的车盖。
扈从:随从皇帝出巡。
绝景(yǐng),骏马名。新丰,旧县名。《汉书·地理志》:骊山在南,故骊戎国,秦为骊邑。高祖七年置。颜师古注:太上皇思东归,于是高祖改筑城寺街里以像丰,徙丰民以实之,故号“新丰”。
丝桐:代指锦瑟。
因学二句:谓效仿汉扬雄,向天子献诗赋。
天书:皇帝的诏敕。片善,即小善。此处为谦词。清芬,高洁的德行。此处指文才声誉。
金马:即金马门。汉武帝得大宛马,乃命东门京(人名)以铜铸像,立马于鲁班门外,因称金马门。东方朔、主父偃等曾待诏金马门。《史记·东方朔传》:金马门者,宦者署门也。此处代指朝廷。
黄绮:商山四皓的简称。
参考资料:
1、詹福瑞 等.李白诗全译.石家庄:河北人民出版社,1997:191-193
东武吟创作背景
这首诗列入《乐府诗集》卷四十一,作于唐玄宗天宝三载(744年)夏李白离开翰林院之时,因此又名《还山留别金门知己》、《出东门后书怀留别翰林诸公》。
参考资料:
1、詹福瑞 等.李白诗全译.石家庄:河北人民出版社,1997:191-193
2、金玉花.朝鲜文人对李白《东武吟》的接受与批评. 延边教育学院学报,2011,05.
东武吟鉴赏
李白在诗中说自己当年奉诏入京陪王伴驾,声名鹊起,与王公权贵相接交,诗酒快意,但是遭到无情的打击,最后被赐金还山,深重的失落感使他愤积膺怀自觉可与贤哲比肩,此时他以诗作与翰林院中诸位友人礼貌性地告别,说自己向来崇尚古风。不合流俗,将要归隐山林。
全诗分三段。首四句为第一段,写抒情主人公生平夙愿和抱负。“好古”即好古风。古风,即下文所谓“贤达风”。贤达风即辅佐明主,功成身退。所以“好古”一词下启后三句。“白日”句至“王公”以上二十句为第二段,写抒情主人公受皇帝恩宠的盛况。这一段又分为四层意思。“白日”四句写承诏入宫,喜出望外。白日、回光、恭承、欻起等词语表达了这种喜悦心情。“清切”以下十句写“君王赐颜色”的无比荣耀。悠游宫禁,天子赐颜色,升价倍增。扈从帝驾,乘宝马,衣锦衣,依岩望松,对酒弹琴,其愉悦之情溢于言表。“因学”四句言因献辞赋,天子赏识,其声价倍增。归来二句言由于以上原因,王公贵族皆纷纷结交。“一去”十句为第三段,写失去帝宠,离开皇宫后的凄凉酸楚。一旦失势,身如飘蓬,宾客疏散,酒尊空空。无奈之际,自我宽慰:才力可依,不惭文宗。书告知己,学四皓而隐遁。
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宋子侯《
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董娇饶》
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李白《
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鞠歌行》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白(701年-762年),字太白,号青莲居士,唐朝浪漫主义诗人,被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考),出生于西域碎叶城,4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇,有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝,享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂,四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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入沼无痕化,推篷有冷侵。不知谁戴氏,仿佛泛山阴。
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壬午除夕
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:
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邱汝滨
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黑髭涵镜几茎白,驻景牵牛一夕难。尽有閒愁堪老我,听他万事逐双丸。
摊书渐觉怜蝇字,阅世何须问马肝。白酒黄柑聊饯岁,好春待入小楼看。