马诗二十三首·其二十三
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唐代]：李贺
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武帝爱神仙，烧金得紫烟。
厩中皆肉马，不解上青天。
马诗二十三首·其二十三鉴赏
诗人借古喻今，用诙谐、辛辣的笔墨表现严肃、深刻的主题。
前二句写汉武帝炼丹求仙的事。汉武帝一心想长生不老，命方士炼丹砂为黄金以服食，耗费了大量钱财。结果，所得的不过是一缕紫烟而已。“得”字，看似平常，却极有份量，对炼丹求仙的荒诞行径作了无情的鞭挞和辛辣的嘲讽，深得“一字褒贬”之妙。
后两句写马，紧扣诗题。“厩中皆肉马，不解上青天”，迫切希望能飞升成仙的汉武帝，不豢养能够“拂云飞”、“捉飘风”的天马，而让不中用的“肉马”充斥马厩。用“肉马”形容马平庸低劣，非常精当。由于是“御马”，吃住条件优越，一个个喂得肥大笨重。这样的马在地面上奔跑都有困难，更不可能骑着它上天。这两句寓意颇深，除了暗示汉武帝求天马上青天的迷梦破灭之外，还隐喻当时有才有识之士被弃置不用，而平庸无能之辈，一个个受到拔擢，窃据高位，挤满朝廷。依靠这些人是不可能使国家蒸蒸日上，实现清明的政治理想的。此诗集中地讽刺了当时最高统治者迷信昏庸，所用非人，颖锋内藏，含蕴丰富，而又用“嬉笑”的口吻说出来，读来使人感到轻松爽快，这在李贺作品中是很少见的。
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陈著《
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水龙吟》
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柳宗元《
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古东门行》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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