把酒对月歌
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明代]:唐寅
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李白前时原有月,惟有李白诗能说。
今人犹歌李白诗,明月还如李白时。
我学李白对明月,白与明月安能知!
李白能诗复能酒,我今百杯复千首。
我愧虽无李白才,料应月不嫌我丑。
姑苏城外一茅屋,万树梅花月满天。(梅花一作:桃花)
把酒对月歌译文及注释
译文
李白之前本来就有明月,只有李白诗歌才能题写。
如今李白已经离开人世仙去,明月在天上几回圆来几回缺?
今天的人仍在吟颂李白的诗,明月也还像李白生前的那时。
我学着李白对着明月饮酒,月亮和李白又怎么能得知?
李太白既能作诗又能喝酒,我如今也喝百杯作诗千首。
我虽羞愧没有李白的才华,却料想明月不会嫌我陋丑。
我也不曾登上天子船,我也不曾到过长安眠。
住在苏州城外一间茅屋里,无数桃花盛开月光撒满天。
注释
把酒:端着酒杯。
说:指描写月亮。
仙去:对人死的委婉说法。
李白诗:指李白的《把酒问月》一诗。
安:怎么。
料应:即应该料想到……。
天子船:指杜甫《饮中八仙歌》中咏李白的诗句:“天子呼来不上船”句。
长安眠:指杜甫《饮中八仙歌》中咏李白的诗句:“长安街上酒家眠”句。
姑苏:苏州的别称。
参考资料:
1、张仲良.壶中天地.武汉市:武汉大学出版社,2002年:188页
2、李独醉.饮酒古诗文选译.贵阳市:贵州人民出版社,1993年:161-162页
把酒对月歌创作背景
唐伯虎科场失意,落拓半生,于明武宗正德一年(1507)在苏州城内桃花坞筑桃花庵,日与好友祝允明、文徵明等饮其中,蔑视世俗,狂放不羁。作《桃花庵歌》及此歌言志。
参考资料:
1、周啸天.古典诗词鉴赏方法.成都市:四川人民出版社,2003年:191-192页
把酒对月歌鉴赏
这首诗通过歌咏李白并引以自况。“把酒对月”这个题目本是李白所作的一首诗。李白一生爱月,所咏明月诸诗脍炙人口。这首诗一开始就以兀傲的口气,推倒一切月诗,独尊李白:“李白前时原有月,惟有李白诗能说。”有这样的气概,方许歌咏李白。这里推崇的“李白诗”,主要是指《把酒问月》这首诗。而作者唐寅这首诗,主要就受李白诗篇句调的影响,但他在诗中把李白加进去与明月反复对举,又是李白本人不能写的光景。“李白如今已仙去,月在青天几圆缺?”后句是李白式的,但配合前句,则是作者新意。月固有阴晴圆缺,但卒莫消长,而诗仙却不能复生。作者接着说其实这并不遗憾,因为“今人犹歌李白诗,明月还如李白时”,这句侧面说李白和明月一样永存。这调门是李白的,新意是作者的。
这首诗最好的还是诗中在李白与明月之间,加入了“我”。如果失去了这个“我”,也就失去了李白精神。“我学李白对明月,月与李白安能知?”李白固不能知,但月能知。于是作者引李白自况:“李白能诗复能酒,我今百杯复千首。”“百杯复千首”就是“能诗复能酒”,也就是杜甫所说的“一斗诗百篇”。敢于自比李白,这也是李白风度,有胆量有信心,并非等同于狂妄,以下一转一合最为妥帖:“我愧虽无李白才,料应月不嫌我丑。“前句妙在自知之明;后句妙在不卑不亢,联想到辛弃疾诗句:“我爱青山多妩媚,料青山爱我应如是。情与貌,两相似。”这种有分寸的自负之语,读者反而不会感到反感而会容易接受。好比谢灵运说:“天下才有一石,曹子建独占八斗,我得一斗,天下共分一斗。”诗人是说,对李白我佩服得五体投地,而对他人则不多让。语意皆妙。
最后作者讲出了他和李白同而不同的一点:“我也不登天子船,我也不上长安眠。”诗句化杜甫《饮中八仙歌》:“李白一斗诗百篇,长安市上酒家眠。天子呼来不上船,自称臣是酒中仙。”这里是说,我虽然没有李白得到皇帝征诏的经历,但也有他那种豪放不羁的禀性,“不上长安”倒也乐得:“姑苏城外一茅屋,万树桃花月满天。”这个茅屋就是作者在苏州建的桃花庵,作者晚年经常在桃花庵饮酒自乐。
这首诗倜傥不群、超尘脱俗地追求自由反抗权势的精神,和豪放飘逸的句调风格都酷似李白。以其人之风格还咏其人,妙在古今同调。
作者在这首诗中,用“把酒对月”的举动,处处将自己和李白相联系、相对比,用“月”、“诗”、“酒”为诗思的契机,并贯穿全篇,抒写了李白敢于蔑视权贵的品质,表明了作者学习李白不求功名利禄的愿望和蔑视权贵的态度。
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李白《
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赠郭将军》
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杜牧《
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八六子·洞房深》
唐寅简介
唐代·唐寅的简介
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唐寅(1470—1523),字伯虎,一字子畏,号六如居士、桃花庵主、鲁国唐生、逃禅仙吏等,汉族,南直隶苏州吴县人。明代著名画家、文学家。据传他于明宪宗成化六年庚寅年寅月寅日寅时生。他玩世不恭而又才气横溢,诗文擅名,与祝允明、文征明、徐祯卿并称“江南四大才子(吴门四才子)”,画名更著,与沈周、文征明、仇英并称“吴门四家”。
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汪东
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月榭云窗,任留连宴饮,都忘昏晓。阳和布暖,次第苑花催报。
红梅半吐,醉中认、谢娘风貌。歌字稳、莺啭高枝,未惊绣帏人早。