司马光好学
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宋代]:朱熹
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司马温公幼时,患记问不若人。群居讲习,众兄弟既成诵,游息矣;独下帷绝编,迨能倍诵乃止。用力多者收功远,其所精诵,乃终身不忘也。温公尝言:“书不可不成诵。或在马上,或中夜不寝时,咏其文,思其义,所得多矣。”(选自朱熹编辑的《三朝名臣言行录》)
司马光好学译文及注释
译文
司马光幼年时,担心自己记诵诗书以备应答的能力不如别人,所以大家在一起学习讨论时,别的兄弟会背诵了,就去玩耍休息;(司马光却)独自留下来,专心刻苦地读书,一直到能够背的烂熟于心为止。(因为)读书时下的工夫多,收获大,(所以)他所精读和背诵过的书,就能终身不忘。司马光曾经说: “ 读书不能不背诵,当你在骑马走路的时候,在半夜睡不着觉的时候,吟咏读过的文章,想想它的意思,收获就会非常大! ”
注释
司马温公:司马光死后被追赠以温国公的称号,故称温国公。
患:担忧,忧虑。
不若:比不上。
众:众多。
既:已经。
迨:到;等到。
倍诵:“倍”通“背”,背诵。
乃:于是,就。
尝:曾经。
或:有时。
咏:吟咏。
帷:原指汉代董仲舒下帷讲学,三年不看窗外事。这里借此指专心读书。
绝编:据《史记·孔子世家》记载,孔子读《周易》,“韦编三绝”(意思是,翻阅的次数多了,编木简的牛皮绳子被多次折断), 这里借此指读书勤奋。
终夜:半夜。
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李贺《
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秦王饮酒》
朱熹简介
唐代·朱熹的简介
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朱熹(1130年9月15日~1200年4月23日),行五十二,小名沋郎,小字季延,字元晦,一字仲晦,号晦庵,晚称晦翁,又称紫阳先生、考亭先生、沧州病叟、云谷老人、沧洲病叟、逆翁。谥文,又称朱文公。汉族,祖籍南宋江南东路徽州府婺源县(今江西省婺源),出生于南剑州尤溪(今属福建三明市)。南宋著名的理学家、思想家、哲学家、教育家、诗人、闽学派的代表人物,世称朱子,是孔子、孟子以来最杰出的弘扬儒学的大师。
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