菩萨蛮·榛荆满眼山城路
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清代]：纳兰性德
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榛荆满眼山城路，征鸿不为愁人住。何处是长安，湿云吹雨寒。
丝丝心欲碎，应是悲秋泪。泪向客中多，归时又奈何。
菩萨蛮·榛荆满眼山城路译文及注释
译文
偏僻之地，荆棘丛生，满眼荒芜，让人心生苍凉。南飞的征雁，亦不会因时常触动人的思乡愁怀而停歇。眺望远方，视线落处，凉云冷雨，故园遥不可及，更在远方的远方。
愁思缕缕，心欲碎。清泪，似是为悲秋而洒。人在他乡，更让人泪流不止。然而，即使返家之时又能怎么样呢。
注释
菩萨蛮：词牌名，本唐教坊曲，又名《子夜歌》《重叠金》《花溪碧》，双调四十四字，用韵两句一换，凡四易韵，平仄递转。
榛荆（zhēn jīng）：荆棘。
征鸿：即征雁。多指秋天南飞的大雁。住：停歇。
长安：借指北京。
湿云：谓湿度大的云。
丝丝：谓细雨如丝。
参考资料：
1、汪政，陈如江编注．谁念西风独自凉 纳兰词：山东文艺出版社，2014.08：第22页
2、（清）纳兰性德著．墨香斋译评,纳兰词 双色插图版：中国纺织出版社，2015.10：第58页
菩萨蛮·榛荆满眼山城路创作背景
张草纫《纳兰词笺注》载：“词中有‘泪向客中多，归时又奈何’之语，当作于妻子卢氏去世后不久。卢氏于康熙十六年五月三十日产后病故。”
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著．纳兰性德词集：上海古籍出版社，2016.05：第35页
菩萨蛮·榛荆满眼山城路鉴赏
上片开篇便展现出一派荒芜之境，容若于孤城之外，万山丛中立马远眺，湿云吹雨，暮霭沉沉，不见乡关。“榛荆满眼山城路”说的是行役途中所见，山城遥遥．满眼荒芜颓败之景，荆棘一样的植物在这城边的行军道上显得格外刺眼。忽然从远天传来断断续续的几声嘶哑的雁鸣，在丝丝雨声中．它们只顾前进，倏忽间就飞向远方去了，像那断雁前来，却不为愁人暂住片刻，那为何还有“鸿雁传书”的古语。上片集中了山城、荆棘、征鸿、湿云、冷雨这些意象，极力渲染出旅人的苦闷，想必不过是自己一厢愁情，更无处安放罢了。前路未知，雨还是丝丝缕缕，越加觉得寒冷，但归处又在哪里。
下片抒情，悲秋更兼乡愁，承转启合中纳兰表现出不凡的功力，把上片末句中“寒雨”与自己的心绪结合起来，自然道出“丝丝心欲碎，应是悲秋泪”的妙喻。俗话说：“睹物恩人”。出门在外的行役之人、游客浪子，眼中所见、耳中所闻、心中所感都包含着由此触发的对遥远故乡的眺望，对温馨家庭的憧憬。纳兰此处也是如此，看到那断雁远征，奔赴远地而不知暂住。寒雨丝丝，想来自然成了悲秋之泪，凡所苦役沿途所遇景物，都被蒙上了一层浅浅诗意的惆怅。想到此处，不觉黯然泪下，发出“泪向客中多，归时又奈何”之叹。容若的抒情，是层层递进而又曲折婉转，最后也没有直说更深的愁是什么，留给了读者无限的想象。
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纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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