好事近·马首望青山
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清代]:纳兰性德
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马首望青山,零落繁华如此。再向断烟衰草,认藓碑题字。
休寻折戟话当年,只洒悲秋泪。斜日十三陵下,过新丰猎骑。
好事近·马首望青山译文及注释
译文
从马头上望去,是一片连绵不断的青山,昔日的繁华,想不到零落凋残到这个地步。年深日久,碑石上已长满了藓苔,题字什么都要仔细地辨认。
不要去寻找折断的剑戟去说当年的事,只不过泛起一点人皆有的悲秋情绪而已。西斜的太阳照在十三陵下,谁敢说清王朝的新丰猎骑,随着岁月的流逝,不也要零落殆尽的么。
注释
好事近:词牌名。又名《钓船笛》,《张子野词》入“仙吕宫”。双调四十五字,前后片各两仄韵,以入声韵为宜。两结句皆上一、下四句法。
“马首”二句:意思是说通过马头向前望去,眼前是一脉青山,都市的繁华不见了,这里只有萧索冷落的景象。
“认藓碑”句:此句是说可以辨认出长满苔鲜的古碑上的题字。藓:苔鲜。
“休寻”二句:意思是不要寻思那古往今来兴亡之事,就是眼前的秋色便已令人生悲添慨了。折戟:用杜牧《赤壁》:“折戟沉沙铁未销,自将磨洗认前朝”诗意。所谓“折戟”就是断戟被沉没在沙里,指惨败。
十三陵:北京市昌平天寿山一带之明陵,为十三座皇陵,清代那里有围场。
新丰:今陕西省临潼县东北,汉初刘邦兴建,迁家乡父老于此。猎骑:代指打猎者的坐骑,代指猎人。此句意谓打猎的人是从京城贬来的。
参考资料:
1、《经典读库》编委会编著.人间最美纳兰词精选:江苏美术出版社,2013.11:第136页
2、朱敦源著.中华古词365首精华今译:东北朝鲜民族教育,1993.10:第359页
好事近·马首望青山创作背景
《清实录》载:“康熙十五年十月戊午,幸昌平。过前明十三陵。上一一躬亲酹酒”,词或作于康熙十五年(公元1676年)十月,作者曾扈驾到昌平祭祀十三陵,有感而发作此词。
参考资料:
1、闵泽平编著.纳兰词全集 汇编汇评汇校:崇文书局,2012.03:第25页
好事近·马首望青山鉴赏
这是一首描写秋猎的词,词中所描绘的是在北京十三陵地区的行猎。
上片着重写景,景中已透露了凄怆之情。“马首望青山,零落繁华如此。”停马且住,看到眼前一望无垠的青山,连绵成无尽的屏障,在这里的天地间,繁华显得微不足道,这份苍茫深入人心。“再向断烟衰草,认藓碑题字。”面对眼前这份萧索冷清的景象,看着被枯草掩埋的石碑,容若心中感慨万千。被苔藓覆盖了的石碑上,还可以模糊地辨认出之前所刻下的碑文,时光就是这样无情,人们还以为将真实留在石碑上就可以万古长存,其实在时光面前,任何东西都是脆弱、不堪一击的。想到此,容若便心生悲凉。自己的生命也不过是白驹过隙,匆匆几十年犹如流星划过,很快就没了。词人没有去做自己想做的事情,而是整日陪在皇帝身边,做些并不情愿的工作,这样的日子什么时候才能够到头啊。
下片侧重抒情。不过此中笔触多不在打猎的本身,而是写猎场的景观和感受,其中不乏悲怆之音,感伤之意。所以他才会无奈地写道:“休寻折戟话当年,只洒悲秋泪。”在这里大概是指古往今来的兴衰往事,正如一开始所言的那样,不要寻思那古往今来兴亡之事,就是眼前的秋色便已令人生悲添慨了。容若看到这迟暮的秋日,想起之前的种种,心中难以言说,故而只能在结尾草草地写上一笔“斜日十三陵下,过新丰猎骑”作罢。这就是容若狩猎的心情,这个男人随时随地都会有所感悟,写入词里,以供后人唏嘘感叹。
这首词笔力苍劲,虽然是哀叹往事之词,可是字里行间并不缺乏刚劲,刚力与阴柔结合得十分巧妙,相得益彰。尤其是结处二句,所绘情景形成强烈对比,颇含兴亡之感和轮回之叹。
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张可久《
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普天乐·湖上废圃》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德(1655-1685),满洲人,字容若,号楞伽山人,清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉,在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期,其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王,却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景,加之个人的超逸才华,使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见,何事秋风悲画扇?等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变。”富于意境,是其众多代表作之一。
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