商山麻涧
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唐代]:杜牧
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云光岚彩四面合,柔柔垂柳十余家。
雉飞鹿过芳草远,牛巷鸡埘春日斜。
秀眉老父对樽酒,茜袖女儿簪野花。
征车自念尘土计,惆怅溪边书细沙。
商山麻涧译文及注释
译文
云气山岚升起四野弥漫,柔柳垂荫下有十余人家。
锦雉野鹿飞跃芳草地,村巷鸡畜沐浴春日斜。
长眉老翁悠闲自斟酒,红袖女娃清秀戴野花。
感自己舟车行旅总奔忙,怀惆怅叹向溪边乱涂鸦。
注释
商山:在今陕西商县东南。麻涧,在商山之中,山涧环绕,宜于种麻,故名麻涧。
岚(lán)彩:山林中像云彩一样的雾气。
雉(zhì):野鸡。
牛巷:牛儿进巷了。鸡埘(shí):鸡儿进窝了。埘,在墙上挖洞而成的鸡窝。
秀眉:老年人常有几根眉毫特别长,称为秀眉,旧以为是长寿的象征。
蒨(qiàn)袖:大红色的衣袖。蒨通“茜”,即茜草,根可作红色染料,这里指红色。簪(zān):插戴。
征车:旅途中乘坐的车。计:生计。
书细沙:在细沙上书写。
参考资料:
1、章培恒 安平秋 马樟根.杜牧诗选译 修订版:凤凰出版社,2011:59
2、李健 康金声.田园诗注析:山西教育出版社,2004年:155页
商山麻涧创作背景
唐开成四年(839)杜牧授左补阙、史馆修撰,将赴京供职,先于春初自宣州任所送弟杜顗至浔阳(今江西九江),二月溯长江、汉水,经南阳、武关、商山而至长安。这首诗就是路经商山时所作。
参考资料:
1、张厚余.杜牧集 名家选集卷:山西古籍出版社,2004年:87页
商山麻涧鉴赏
这首诗是诗人由宣州经江州回长安途中路过商山麻涧时所作。商山,在今陕西省商县东南,其地险峻,林壑深邃。麻涧,在熊耳峰下,山涧环抱,周围适宜种麻,因名麻涧。诗人以清隽的笔调从不同的角度展示了这一带优美的自然景色。淳朴、恬静的农家生活和村人怡然自得的意态,充满了浓厚的诗情画意。
在一个阳光明媚的春日,一辆风尘仆仆的“征车”曲折颠簸在商山的山路上。峰回路转,车子进入麻涧谷口,一片迷人的“桃源”境界,一股沁人心脾的清新气息扑面而来,使得诗人一下子忘记了旅途的疲困,精神为之一振。
举目遥望,周围群峰耸立,山上白云缭绕,山下雾霭霏微,在阳光的辉映下,折射出炫目的光彩;山风飘拂,山涧逶迤,远处在一片垂柳的掩映下,竟然坐落着一个十余户人家的小村庄。这是一个无比美好的休息之处。那袅袅的炊烟,那轻柔的柳丝,那悠悠的鸡犬声,引得诗人兴奋不已,催车前行。车轮辘辘向前,打破了山间的幽静,惊起了栖息在野草丛中的野鸡,纷纷扑棱着翅膀,从车前掠过;胆小的獐鹿竖起双耳,惊恐地逃到远处的草丛里。车子进入村庄时,太阳已经西斜,放牧的牛羊纷纷回栏,觅食的鸡鸭也开始三三两两地回窠了。
黄昏,是农家最悠闲的时光。劳动了一天的人们开始回到石头垒成的小院里休息、并准备晚餐了。那长眉白发的老翁悠然自得地坐在屋前的老树下,身边放了一壶酒;那身着红色衫袖的村姑正将一朵刚刚采撷的野花细心地插在发髻上。置身这恍如仙境的麻涧,面对这怡然自乐的村人,诗人心旷神怡。想到自己千里奔逐,风尘仆仆,想到明天又得离开这里,踏上征途,欣羡之余,又不禁升起了悠悠怅惘。一个人坐在溪涧边,手指不由自由地在细沙上画来画去。此时余辉霭霭,暮色渐渐笼罩了这小小的山村。
这首诗运用蒙太奇的艺术手法,通过巧妙的剪辑,远近结合,移步换形,一句一景,将商山麻涧一带的自然风光和山村农家的和美生活写得熙熙融融,生机盎然。最后,诗人将自己的怅然失落的神情一起摄入画面,曲折地表达了因仕途曲折而对田园生活的向往之情,富有意趣。
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上一首:
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王庭珪《
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二月二日出郊》
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下一首:
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王维《
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春园即事》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧(公元803-约852年),字牧之,号樊川居士,汉族,京兆万年(今陕西西安)人,唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”,以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅,故后世称“杜樊川”,著有《樊川文集》。
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