商山麻涧
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唐代]：杜牧
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云光岚彩四面合，柔柔垂柳十余家。
雉飞鹿过芳草远，牛巷鸡埘春日斜。
秀眉老父对樽酒，茜袖女儿簪野花。
征车自念尘土计，惆怅溪边书细沙。
商山麻涧译文及注释
译文
云气山岚升起四野弥漫，柔柳垂荫下有十余人家。
锦雉野鹿飞跃芳草地，村巷鸡畜沐浴春日斜。
长眉老翁悠闲自斟酒，红袖女娃清秀戴野花。
感自己舟车行旅总奔忙，怀惆怅叹向溪边乱涂鸦。
注释
商山：在今陕西商县东南。麻涧，在商山之中，山涧环绕，宜于种麻，故名麻涧。
岚（lán）彩：山林中像云彩一样的雾气。
雉（zhì）：野鸡。
牛巷：牛儿进巷了。鸡埘（shí）：鸡儿进窝了。埘，在墙上挖洞而成的鸡窝。
秀眉：老年人常有几根眉毫特别长，称为秀眉，旧以为是长寿的象征。
蒨（qiàn）袖：大红色的衣袖。蒨通“茜”，即茜草，根可作红色染料，这里指红色。簪（zān）：插戴。
征车：旅途中乘坐的车。计：生计。
书细沙：在细沙上书写。
参考资料：
1、章培恒 安平秋 马樟根．杜牧诗选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011：59
2、李健 康金声．田园诗注析：山西教育出版社，2004年：155页
商山麻涧创作背景
唐开成四年（839）杜牧授左补阙、史馆修撰，将赴京供职，先于春初自宣州任所送弟杜顗至浔阳（今江西九江），二月溯长江、汉水，经南阳、武关、商山而至长安。这首诗就是路经商山时所作。
参考资料：
1、张厚余．杜牧集 名家选集卷：山西古籍出版社，2004年：87页
商山麻涧鉴赏
这首诗是诗人由宣州经江州回长安途中路过商山麻涧时所作。商山，在今陕西省商县东南，其地险峻，林壑深邃。麻涧，在熊耳峰下，山涧环抱，周围适宜种麻，因名麻涧。诗人以清隽的笔调从不同的角度展示了这一带优美的自然景色。淳朴、恬静的农家生活和村人怡然自得的意态，充满了浓厚的诗情画意。
在一个阳光明媚的春日，一辆风尘仆仆的“征车”曲折颠簸在商山的山路上。峰回路转，车子进入麻涧谷口，一片迷人的“桃源”境界，一股沁人心脾的清新气息扑面而来，使得诗人一下子忘记了旅途的疲困，精神为之一振。
举目遥望，周围群峰耸立，山上白云缭绕，山下雾霭霏微，在阳光的辉映下，折射出炫目的光彩；山风飘拂，山涧逶迤，远处在一片垂柳的掩映下，竟然坐落着一个十余户人家的小村庄。这是一个无比美好的休息之处。那袅袅的炊烟，那轻柔的柳丝，那悠悠的鸡犬声，引得诗人兴奋不已，催车前行。车轮辘辘向前，打破了山间的幽静，惊起了栖息在野草丛中的野鸡，纷纷扑棱着翅膀，从车前掠过；胆小的獐鹿竖起双耳，惊恐地逃到远处的草丛里。车子进入村庄时，太阳已经西斜，放牧的牛羊纷纷回栏，觅食的鸡鸭也开始三三两两地回窠了。
黄昏，是农家最悠闲的时光。劳动了一天的人们开始回到石头垒成的小院里休息、并准备晚餐了。那长眉白发的老翁悠然自得地坐在屋前的老树下，身边放了一壶酒；那身着红色衫袖的村姑正将一朵刚刚采撷的野花细心地插在发髻上。置身这恍如仙境的麻涧，面对这怡然自乐的村人，诗人心旷神怡。想到自己千里奔逐，风尘仆仆，想到明天又得离开这里，踏上征途，欣羡之余，又不禁升起了悠悠怅惘。一个人坐在溪涧边，手指不由自由地在细沙上画来画去。此时余辉霭霭，暮色渐渐笼罩了这小小的山村。
这首诗运用蒙太奇的艺术手法，通过巧妙的剪辑，远近结合，移步换形，一句一景，将商山麻涧一带的自然风光和山村农家的和美生活写得熙熙融融，生机盎然。最后，诗人将自己的怅然失落的神情一起摄入画面，曲折地表达了因仕途曲折而对田园生活的向往之情，富有意趣。
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上一首：
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王庭珪《
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二月二日出郊》
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王维《
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春园即事》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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