普天乐·西湖即事
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元代]：张可久
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蕊珠宫，蓬莱洞。青松影里，红藕香中。千机云锦重，一片银河冻。缥缈佳人双飞凤，紫萧寒月满长空。阑干晚风，菱歌上下，渔火西东。
普天乐·西湖即事译文及注释
译文
西湖的景色仿佛人间仙境。在青松影里，有一座蕊珠宫；在红藕香中，有一个蓬莱洞。空中一片片云朵像千机织成的彩锦，天上一道长长的银河像冰一样明亮皎洁。一对佳人双双骑着飞凤，吹着紫箫向寒月、长空飘逸而去。这时候，晚风轻拂着阑干，只听得到处是采菱人所唱的歌，只看见四面是渔船上的灯火。
注释
蕊珠宫：道教传说中的仙宫。
蓬莱：传说中的海上仙山。
千机云锦重：形容天上的云和彩霞像织女用织机织出的千重云锦。
缥缈：隐隐约约。
紫箫：古人多截紫竹制箫笛，故称紫箫。
参考资料：
1、赵玮.张可久西湖散曲略论.江苏教育学院学报(社会科学版),2008,24(1).
普天乐·西湖即事创作背景
张可久一生喜欢游山玩水，杭州西湖是他流连时间最长、吟咏最多的地方。他写下了百余首以西湖为题材的散曲作品，这首小令就是其中之一。
参考资料：
1、赵玮.张可久西湖散曲略论.江苏教育学院学报(社会科学版),2008,24(1).
普天乐·西湖即事鉴赏
中国民间早有“上有天堂，下有苏杭”的说法。这首曲子首尾写现实中的西湖景色，中间展开瑰丽的想象，把人们引入仙境，云锦遍布，银河倒映，仙女飞升，月下吹箫。读者既可看到西湖月夜的清丽、飘渺，又可产生如临人间仙境之感。
此曲在写作手法方面很有特色。一、富有想象力。作者拥有非同凡响的想象力。“缥缈佳人双飞凤，紫萧寒月满长空。”湖上的箫声引起作者的遐想。前句写作者隐约地好像看到萧史与弄玉这一对佳人乘着飞凤长空飘逸而去，这是虚写。后句写湖上的萧声与天空的寒月引起诗人的遐想，这是想象丰富多彩。二、虚幻与现实、古与今的交杂。虚景：蕊珠宫——天宫、蓬莱洞——海上仙山；实景：青松——钱塘十景之一、红藕——西湖十景之一。镜头从虚幻的仙境转移至地面的真实情景。精致美妙与仙府的奇异美景融为一体。三、善用修辞。曲中用了比喻、夸张和衬托手法。“蕊珠宫”是道教传说中的天宫，“蓬莱”则是传说中的海上仙山。作者把西湖的美比喻成美不胜收的天宫和仙山，让人联想到西湖的美。“千机云锦重”，形容天上的云和彩霞象织女用织机织出的千重云锦，幻想与现实相融合，使西湖夜景更加柔媚动人。阵阵晚风给人带来湖面的清凉，使人舒适而惬意、满意。上下菱歌打破了西湖寂静，更显出四周的安恬。“千机云锦重”是形容晚霞之多之美“，一片银河冻”乃是形容银河的冷清。此两句乃是数目上的衬托。一个形容多一个形容冷清，无形中增强了画面所表达的感情色彩。四、引用典故。引用箫史、弄玉的故事。箫史善吹箫，秦穆公将喜爱吹箫的女儿弄玉嫁给他。数年后，弄玉乘凤、箫史乘龙，升天而去。（见汉刘向《列仙传·卷上·萧史》。五、押韵。除了“缥缈佳人双飞凤”和“阑干晚风”，其他的韵脚相同。六、对仗工整。对仗是用对称的字句或按照字音的平仄和字义的虚实做成对偶的语句以增强语言的感染力和表现力，使内容更鲜明有理，让读者有深刻的印象。如“蕊珠宫，蓬莱洞”“青松影里，红藕香中”。另外，全曲语言华丽，风格典雅，用字雅正，全篇散曲皆是。其语言充满华丽美，语句精炼，词语配搭恰当，手法熟练，具备本身的典雅风格。在内容上也很有特色，一、以景托情。作者选用了阑干、菱歌、渔火来概括西湖秋夜之美。作者通过星星点火的鱼货，时断时续的晚风，上上下下的菱歌，把秋夜西湖的静，表现得十分生动传神。二、视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉和幻觉的交错。视觉——青松影里，看见青色的松树倒影在湖里。听觉——缥缈佳人双飞凤，紫箫寒月满长空，听到日夜游湖人的箫声应起了。嗅觉——红藕香中，嗅到湖上荷花飘来的阵阵清香。触觉——阑干晚风，晚风吹来，触到诗人的肌肤。幻觉——缥缈佳人双飞凤，紫萧寒月满长空，作者幻想仿佛看见了两位佳人骑着飞凤，披着清冷的月光向广寒宫飞去。
此曲是咏西湖夜景的名篇，很有特色。想象丰富多彩，比喻新颖独特，幻想与现实相融合，使西湖夜景更加柔媚动人。这种把想象和现实结合起来的写法，与李商隐的《碧城》诗、秦观的《鹊桥仙·纤云弄巧》词有异曲同工之妙。
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张可久《
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普天乐·西湖即事》
张可久简介
唐代·张可久的简介
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张可久（约1270～1348以后）字小山（一说名伯远，字可久，号小山）（《尧山堂外纪》）；一说名张可久肖像（林晋生作）可久，字伯远，号小山（《词综》）；又一说字仲远，号小山（《四库全书总目提要》），庆元（治所在今浙江宁波鄞县）人，元朝重要散曲家，剧作家，与乔吉并称“双壁”，与张养浩合为“二张”。
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