菩萨蛮·哀筝一弄湘江曲
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宋代]：晏几道
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哀筝一弄湘江曲，声声写尽湘波绿。纤指十三弦，细将幽恨传。
当筵秋水慢，玉柱斜飞雁。弹到断肠时，春山眉黛低。
菩萨蛮·哀筝一弄湘江曲译文及注释
译文
她拨响音色哀怨的筝，弹奏了如此凄美的一曲，一声声愁绪，仿如碧波荡漾的湘水。她的纤纤玉指，划过十三根筝弦，细腻地传达出内心浓稠的怨恨。
面对宴间宾客，她清澈的目光缓缓流动，筝柱斜列着，仿佛斜行的大雁的行列。当曲调弹响到最哀伤的那一刻，她仿如春山般的两道黛眉，就这样慢慢地低垂了下去。
注释
弄：演奏乐曲。湘江曲：曲名，即《湘江怨》。相传舜帝南巡苍梧，二妃追至南方，闻舜卒，投江而死。后人以此为题材写成乐曲。
十三弦：汉史游《急就篇》之三颜师古注：“筝，亦小瑟类也，本十二弦，今则十三。”秋水：秋天的水，比喻人（多指女人）清澈明亮的眼睛。
慢：形容眼神凝注。
玉柱斜飞雁：古筝弦柱斜列如雁行，故又称雁柱。
春山：喻美人的眉峰。眉黛：古代女子用黛画眉，故称眉为眉黛，黛，青黑色的颜料。
参考资料：
1、迟乃义、铂淳．名家书画 宋词：中华书局，2013：88
2、上彊邨民．宋词三百首全解：中国华侨出版社，2013：14
菩萨蛮·哀筝一弄湘江曲创作背景
晏几道自幼潜心六艺，旁及百家，尤喜乐府，文才出众，深得其父同僚之喜爱。他不受世俗约束，生性高傲，不慕势利，从不利用父势或借助其父门生故吏满天下的有利条件，谋取功名。此词借写一个歌妓弹筝来表现当筵演奏的歌妓心中的幽恨。实则表达自己内心的不满和愁绪。
参考资料：
1、杨国孚．韵译历代经典诗词歌赋曲：中国地质大学出版社，2011：268
菩萨蛮·哀筝一弄湘江曲鉴赏
这是一首写歌女弹筝的词，或有所寄托，或纯写眼中所见之人，耳中所闻之曲，不必深究。
开篇先点出乐曲的格调，首先，用的是筝，而筝声向来苍凉柔婉，适合表现哀怨、哀愁的情绪，而歌女所弹奏的也正是类似湘江故事的哀伤曲调。乐曲本是要靠耳听，而无法目见的，但词人却突然从听觉转向视觉，说“声声写尽湘波绿”。这种修辞手法叫作“通感”，也称“移觉”，即将不同感官所感受到的诸如听觉、视觉、触觉、嗅觉等感触沟通起来。因为文字最方便描写的是视觉，而对于听觉则相对难以描摹，所以用视觉来比拟听觉——澄碧的湘流。从传统文化的角度来说，确实易使人产生哀愁的情感．于是便以通感的手法来比喻筝曲。
上阕后两句点明了通感所表述的含义，并点出弹筝人的身份——女子，在以筝弹奏“幽恨”之曲。
下阕开篇也是视觉，重点从筝曲转换到弹筝之人，在宴会席间，沉静地弹筝，“秋水”也即澄澈的目光缓缓流转，表明弹筝的女子完全把整个身心都融合到所弹奏的筝曲中去了。而赏其弹奏者眼中所见既有澄澈目光，也有斜行的筝柱，也将筝和人合为一体，仿佛这乐声不是从筝上弹出，而是从弹筝女子心中涌出一般。正因如此，才能在筝声弹奏到最凄婉断肠的那一刻，女子缓缓垂下双眉，表情与乐声浑然一体，吐尽了胸中的哀伤和怨恨。
全词语辞清美婉丽，情感真挚凄哀，风格含蓄深沉，令人可观可叹。
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李白《
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观元丹丘坐巫山屏风》
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晏几道《
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菩萨蛮·哀筝一弄湘江曲》
晏几道简介
唐代·晏几道的简介
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晏几道（1030-1106，一说1038—1110 ，一说1038-1112），男，汉族，字叔原，号小山，著名词人，抚州临川文港沙河（今属江西省南昌市进贤县）人。晏殊第七子。历任颍昌府许田镇监、乾宁军通判、开封府判官等。性孤傲，晚年家境中落。词风哀感缠绵、清壮顿挫。一般讲到北宋词人时，称晏殊为大晏，称晏几道为小晏。《雪浪斋日记》云：“晏叔原工小词，不愧六朝宫掖体。”如《鹧鸪天》中的“舞低杨柳楼心月，歌尽桃花扇底风”等等词句，备受人们的赞赏。
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