饭覆釜山僧
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唐代]：王维
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晚知清净理，日与人群疏。
将候远山僧，先期扫弊庐。
果从云峰里，顾我蓬蒿居。
藉草饭松屑，焚香看道书。
燃灯昼欲尽，鸣磬夜方初。
一悟寂为乐，此生闲有余。
思归何必深，身世犹空虚。
饭覆釜山僧译文及注释
译文
晚上知道了清净的佛理，白天便远离人群。
等着远方覆釜山的僧人，预先打扫自己的房子。
僧人们从云峰中降临，来到我的杂乱的居所。
我们坐在铺草上吃松果，点燃香炉观看佛经。
燃着灯白天将要结束，敲起磬夜晚刚刚开始。
一旦悟到了寂灭的快乐，这一生都觉闲余安宁。
也不必再想归隐了，人生和世间都是空虚的。
注释
饭：施饭食给人。覆釜山：山的名字，有此名的山不止一处，一说是荆山，在今河南灵宝，一说在长安。
清净：佛家用语，指远离恶性和烦恼。
弊庐：谦称自己的居室。
蓬蒿居：长满了蓬蒿的居所，或言居所在蓬蒿中，自谦。
藉草：以草为铺垫物。这里指坐在铺草上进食。松屑：松子，松树的果实。一说为松花。此句意谓：高僧们不需要什么美食招待。
磬（qìng）：僧人所用的一种法器，做法事或诵经时，击而鸣之。
寂：寂灭，佛教用语，意为度脱生死，入寂静无为、涅檠再生之境地。此句意谓一旦觉悟了“寂灭”之佛理，此生就闲余安宁了。
归：指弃官归田。
身世：指人生和世间。
参考资料：
1、王志清撰；袁行霈主编；刘跃进副主编.王维诗选：商务印书馆,2015.04：218-219
2、傅东华选注；马卉彦校订.王维诗：崇文书局,2014.09：19
饭覆釜山僧创作背景
此诗的具体创作时间已不可考，大约是作者晚年在京师所作。《旧唐书·王维传》载：“维弟兄俱奉佛，居常蔬食，不茹荤血，晚年长斋，不衣文彩。……在京师日饭十数名僧，以玄淡为乐。斋中无所有，唯茶铛、药臼、经案、绳床而已。退朝之后，焚香独坐，以禅诵为事。”此诗就是描写了“饭僧”一事。
参考资料：
1、王志清撰；袁行霈主编；刘跃进副主编.王维诗选：商务印书馆,2015.04：218-219
饭覆釜山僧鉴赏
全诗共十四句。开头的四句，是自写，写自己饭僧前的忙碌。饭僧成为王维晚年生活的一个重要组成部分，而今日，他所迎的是远道而来的高僧，故而特别地殷勤而隆重。“先期扫弊庐”，诗人提前打扫房屋，就为了等候这些远行而来的僧人。
中间六句，写“云峰里”来的高僧。覆釜山的高僧们终于被盼来了。这些僧人们果然不同凡俗，他们的物质需求极低，却异常地虔诚，也异常地专注，除了看道书、诵佛经外，连自己的存在也忘记了。
最后四句是写禅悟。“一悟寂为乐，此生闲有余”二句，写其彻悟。诗人在与高僧们的交流中，享受空门、山林的幽寂之乐。参证了“凡所有相。皆是虚空”（《金刚般若经》）的禅宗要义，彻悟到真正的乐事乃寂灭与涅檗，明心见性，即事而真，达到了一种超现实的“湛然常寂”的境界禅宗圆通静达的启悟。这也使其除去了一切世俗妄念的执，因此，现实中的生命与物质便空幻虚无而显得不重要了，生成了“思归何必深”的处世遇物的生存智慧。这样的收束，类似谢灵运诗的玄言尾巴。其实，王维诗中也有些这样的“尾巴”，因为他也太想将自己的禅悟禅悦直白地表达出来，并传达给世人。
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柳宗元《
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韦使君黄溪祈雨见召从行至祠下口》
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屈原《
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哀郢》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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