紫薇花
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唐代]：白居易
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丝纶阁下文书静，钟鼓楼中刻漏长。
独坐黄昏谁是伴，紫薇花对紫微郎。
紫薇花译文及注释
译文
我在丝纶阁值班，没什么文章可写，周围一片寂静只听到钟鼓楼上刻漏的滴水声，时间过得太慢了。
在这黄昏的寂寞中，我一个人孤独地坐着，谁来和我作伴呢？惟独紫薇花和我这个紫微郎寂然相对。
注释
紫薇花：落叶亚乔木，夏季开红紫色的花，秋天花谢。
丝纶阁：指替皇帝撰拟诏书的阁楼。
刻漏：古时用来滴水计时的器物。
紫薇郎：唐代官名，指中书舍人，因中书省曾改名紫微省，取天文紫微垣为义，故称。
紫薇花创作背景
这首诗一题《直中书省》。“中书省”是朝廷处理政务，代皇帝拟订诏令的机构。因为省中多植紫薇，曾改名为紫薇省。白居易于穆宗长庆元年（821年）十月任中书舍人，长庆二年（822年）七月，自中书舍人出任杭州刺史。此诗当作于长庆二年中白居易在中书舍人任上紫薇花开的日子。
参考资料：
1、谢思炜．白居易诗选：中华书局，2005：140
2、李希南．白居易诗译释：黑龙江人民出版社，1983：202-203
紫薇花鉴赏
这首诗中所写的丝纶阁、钟鼓楼，既表现了宫廷的特色，也指出了诗人“独坐”的原因是正在宫中值班。黄昏的皇宫是一个寂静的世界，令人感到沉闷而百无聊赖，仿佛时间的流逝也变得缓慢。但是按照规矩，值班的官员不能四下走动，这更将诗人困在了一个相对局促的环境里。在诗中所描绘的这一天，诗人没有什么需要处理的公务，只有看看鲜花，听听刻漏声，打发着这空虚无聊的时光，等待着“下班”时间的到来。在这首诗中，诗人隐约地表达出了对自己所从事的枯燥工作的失望，并通过对宫廷环境的描写，影射了当时沉闷的政治气氛，进而表达了对此的不满。
“独坐黄昏谁为伴，紫薇花对紫微郎”的诗句是全诗的点睛之笔。诗人通过这样不乏幽默的语言，对自己寂寞的心情加以安慰，也嘲讽了宫廷生活的空虚无聊。一个“对”字，描绘出了诗人与花“相看两不厌”的情景，将诗人独自一人、无人相伴的情景烘托得更加生动，也将诗人闲坐无所事事的形象塑造得更加传神，使诗句更有情趣，充分地展现了诗人遣词造句的功力。
全诗描写诗人当值丝纶阁，因无事闲坐而觉得刻漏声长，因寂寞无伴而端详紫薇花，又因端详紫薇花而感到更加寂寞，字句浅白、叙事清晰、说理明白，这正是白诗最大的特点。
如果将这首诗与周必大的《入直召对选德殿赐茶而退》、洪咨夔的《直玉堂作》加以比较就会发现，都写了宫禁的静穆以衬托皇宫的庄严，都写了紫薇花以突出翰林院、中书省的工作性质，都表达了几分得意之情，以显示受到皇帝的恩宠是很荣耀的事。则此类诗的写作缺乏创意，也就可想而知了。
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落齿》
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白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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