沧浪亭记
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明代]：归有光
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浮图文瑛居大云庵，环水，即苏子美沧浪亭之地也。亟求余作《沧浪亭记》，曰：“昔子美之记，记亭之胜也。请子记吾所以为亭者。”
余曰：昔吴越有国时，广陵王镇吴中，治南园于子城之西南；其外戚孙承祐，亦治园于其偏。迨淮海纳土，此园不废。苏子美始建沧浪亭，最后禅者居之：此沧浪亭为大云庵也。有庵以来二百年，文瑛寻古遗事，复子美之构于荒残灭没之余：此大云庵为沧浪亭也。
夫古今之变，朝市改易。尝登姑苏之台，望五湖之渺茫，群山之苍翠，太伯、虞仲之所建，阖闾、夫差之所争，子胥、种、蠡之所经营，今皆无有矣。庵与亭何为者哉？虽然，钱镠因乱攘窃，保有吴越，国富兵强，垂及四世。诸子姻戚，乘时奢僭，宫馆苑囿，极一时之盛。而子美之亭，乃为释子所钦重如此。可以见士之欲垂名于千载，不与其澌然而俱尽者，则有在矣。
文瑛读书喜诗，与吾徒游，呼之为沧浪僧云。
沧浪亭记译文及注释
译文
文瑛和尚居住在大云庵，那里四面环水，从前是苏子美建造沧浪亭的地方。文瑛曾多次请我写篇《沧浪亭记》，说：“过去苏子美的《沧浪亭记》，是写亭子的胜景，您就记述我修复这个亭子的缘由吧。”
我说：从前吴越建国时，广陵王镇守吴中，曾在内城的西南修建了一个园子，他的外戚孙承佑，也在它的旁边修了园子。到吴越被宋国灭亡时，这个园子还没有荒废。最初苏子美在园中造了沧浪亭，后来人们又在沧浪亭的遗址上修建了大云庵，住进了和尚。这是从沧浪亭到大云庵的演变过程。大云庵至今已有二百年的历史了。文瑛寻访亭子的遗迹，又在废墟上按原来的样子修复了沧浪亭。这是从大云庵到沧浪亭的演变过程。
历史在变迁，朝代在改易。我曾经登上姑苏台，远眺浩渺的五湖，苍翠的群山，那太伯、虞仲建立的国家，阖闾、夫差争夺的对象，子胥、文种、范蠡筹划的事业，如今都已消失殆尽了，大云庵和沧浪亭的兴废，又算得了什么呢？虽然如此，钱镠趁天下动乱，窃据权位，占有吴越，国富兵强，传了四代，他的子孙亲戚，也借着权势大肆挥霍，广建宫馆园囿，盛极一时，而子美的沧浪亭，却被和尚如此钦重。可见士人要想垂名千载，不与吴越一起迅速消失，是有原因的。
文瑛好读书，爱做诗，常与我们郊游，我们称他为沧浪僧。
注释
浮图：僧人。
苏子美：苏舜钦，字子美，祖籍梓州铜山（今四川中江）人，后移居开封。宋景祐元年（1034）进士，官至集贤殿校理，监进奏院，因故除名，隐居苏州，建沧浪亭。今集中有《沧浪亭记》。
吴越：五代十国之一，钱镠所建立，占有今浙江及江苏西南部、福建东北部地区。传五主。
广陵王：钱元璙，字德辉，钱镠子。曾为苏州刺史。元瓘时进检校太师中书令。后封广陵郡王。
孙承祐：钱塘人。吴越主钱俶纳其姊为妃，因擢处要职，曾为中吴军节度使。后随钱俶归宋。
淮海纳士：指吴越国主钱俶献其地于宋。
姑苏之台：姑苏台，在今苏州城西南。据传是春秋末期由吴王阖闾、夫差两代君主所建，工程浩大。越灭吴，被焚毁。
五湖：这里指太湖。
太伯：周先祖太王长子，相传太王欲传位给季历，他和弟弟仲雍避居江南，开发吴地，为吴国的始祖。太伯卒，无子，弟仲雍立。虞仲：即仲雍。
阖闾：一作阖庐，即姬光。他派专诸刺杀吴王璙，代立为王，屡败楚兵，曾攻入楚都郡。后为越王勾践战败。夫差：吴王阖闾之子。继位后，誓报父仇。在夫椒大败越兵，后又被越王勾践所攻灭。
子胥：伍员，字子胥。吴国大臣。种：文种，越国大夫。蠡：范蠡，越国大夫，他们都是春秋末吴越争霸的主要人物。
澌（sī）然：灭尽的样子
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左丘明《
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蹇叔哭师》
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左丘明《
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晏子不死君难》
归有光简介
唐代·归有光的简介
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归有光（1506～1571）明代官员、散文家。字熙甫，又字开甫，别号震川，又号项脊生，汉族，江苏昆山人。嘉靖十九年举人。会试落第八次，徙居嘉定安亭江上，读书谈道，学徒众多，60岁方成进士，历长兴知县、顺德通判、南京太仆寺丞，留掌内阁制敕房，与修《世宗实录》，卒于南京。归有光与唐顺之、王慎中两人均崇尚内容翔实、文字朴实的唐宋古文，并称为嘉靖三大家。由于归有光在散文创作方面的极深造诣，在当时被称为“今之欧阳修”，后人称赞其散文为“明文第一”，著有《震川集》、《三吴水利录》等。
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