读孟尝君传
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宋代]：王安石
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世皆称孟尝君能得士，士以故归之，而卒赖其力以脱于虎豹之秦。嗟乎！孟尝君特鸡鸣狗盗之雄耳，岂足以言得士？不然，擅齐之强，得一士焉，宜可以南面而制秦，尚何取鸡鸣狗盗之力哉？夫鸡鸣狗盗之出其门，此士之所以不至也。
读孟尝君传译文及注释
译文
世人都称赞孟尝君能够招贤纳士，贤士因为这个缘故归附他，而孟尝君终于依靠他们的力量，从像虎豹一样凶残的秦国逃脱出来。唉！孟尝君只不过是一群鸡鸣狗盗的首领罢了，哪里能说是得到了贤士！如果不是这样，（孟尝君）拥有齐国强大的国力，只要得到一个贤士，（齐国）就应当可以依靠国力在南面称王而制服秦国，还用得着鸡鸣狗盗之徒的力量吗？鸡鸣狗盗之徒出现在他的门庭上，这就是贤士不归附他的原因。
注释
选自《临川先生文集》，《孟尝君传》指司马迁《史记·孟尝君列传》。
称：称颂，赞扬。
孟尝君：姓田名文，战国时齐国公子（贵族），封于薛地（今山东省滕县东南）。
士：士人，指品德好、有学识或有技艺的人。
归：投奔，投靠。
卒，终于，最终。
赖：依仗，依靠。
其：指门下士。
特：只，仅，不过。
鸡鸣狗盗：孟尝君曾在秦国为秦昭王所囚，有被杀的危险。他的食客中有个能为狗盗的人，就在夜里装成狗混入秦宫，偷得狐白裘，用来贿赂昭王宠妃，孟尝君得以被放走。可是他逃至函谷关时，正值半夜，关门紧闭，按规定要鸡鸣以后才能开关放人出去，而追兵将到。于是他的食客中会学鸡叫的人就装鸡叫，结果群鸡相应，终于及时赚开城门，逃回齐国。后成为孟尝君能得士的美谈。
雄：长、首领。
耳：罢了。
擅：拥有。
宜：应该
南面：指居于君主之位。君王坐位面向南，故云。
制：制服。
夫：发语词。
参考资料：
1、北京市义务教育课程改革实验教材-语文（九年级上）
2、陈振鹏．古文鉴赏词典：上海辞书出版社，1997年7月：第1300—1302页
3、吕晴飞主编．唐宋八大家散文鉴赏辞典：中国妇女出版社，1991年1月：第1081—1082页
读孟尝君传创作背景
在王安石看来，士应是大则“足以用天下国家”，小则“足以为天下国家只用”，因此士的才干“居则为六官之卿，出则为六军之将”，而不是皓首穷经，从政时“则茫然不知其方者”。王安石的《读〈孟尝君传〉》，名为读后感，实则借题发挥，以表达自己对人才的看法。
参考资料：
1、陈振鹏．古文鉴赏词典：上海辞书出版社，1997年7月：第1300—1302页
读孟尝君传鉴赏
第一句摆出待批驳的观点，说明世人对孟尝君的传统看法：“孟尝君能得士”。接着写出这一论点的两个依据：一个是“士以故归之”，这是概括地说；一个是“而卒赖其力以脱于虎豹之秦”，这是从具体事例说。干净利落，开门见山竖起了要论驳的靶子，可谓“立”。
第二句先用感叹词“嗟呼”加强语气，然后直接了当地驳斥“孟尝君能得士”的说法，孟尝君不过是鸡鸣狗盗之徒的首领罢了，怎么能说他能得士呢？斩钉截铁，一下子就把“士”和“鸡鸣狗盗”之辈区别看来，开语警策，反驳有力，将“世皆称”云云一笔扫倒，此可谓“驳”。
第三句转折腾挪，加深反驳之意，用反证法提出自己对“士”的标准的看法：“士”必须是可赖以谋国制敌的能人，凭仗齐国强大的国力，得到一个“士”，就可以使齐国成为霸主，制服秦国。正因孟尝君手下无一真正的“士”，才导致要靠鸡鸣狗盗之徒来帮助孟尝君逃脱秦国，从而证明孟尝君的“士”不足以称为“士”，用事实驳斥了孟尝君能得士的表面性、片面性的看法。新意独出，直追根本，为一篇文章的旨意所在，此可谓“转”。
第四句承接上文，深入一层，运用逻辑推理解析孟尝君不能得士的原因，又驳首句所讲的“士以故归之”，下断语作结，补足对孟尝君能得士的批驳。说明孟尝君不能得士的理由：鸡鸣狗盗之徒出入其门，真正的士是不会跟孟尝君走的，这一断，如斩钉截铁，铿锵有力，不容置辩，此可谓“断”。
全篇紧紧围绕“孟尝君不能得士”的主旨，一立，一驳，一转，一断，把孟尝君能得士传统看法一笔扫到，虽转折三次但严谨自然，议论周密，词气凌厉而贯注，势如破竹，具有不容置辩的逻辑力量。
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路温舒《
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尚德缓刑书》
王安石简介
唐代·王安石的简介
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王安石（1021年12月18日－1086年5月21日），字介甫，号半山，谥文，封荆国公。世人又称王荆公。汉族，北宋抚州临川人（今江西省抚州市临川区邓家巷人），中国北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家，唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石：“翰林风月三千首，吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在，后来谁与子争先。”传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。其诗文各体兼擅，词虽不多，但亦擅长，且有名作《桂枝香》等。而王荆公最得世人哄传之诗句莫过于《泊船瓜洲》中的“春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。”
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