陶者
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宋代]：梅尧臣
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陶尽门前土，屋上无片瓦。
十指不沾泥，鳞鳞居大厦。
陶者译文及注释
译文
烧瓦工人成天挖呀挖，门前的土都挖光了，可自家的屋上却没有一片瓦。
那些富贵人家，十指连泥也不碰一下，却住在铺满瓦片的高楼大厦。
注释
陶者：烧制陶器的人。这里指烧瓦工人。
陶：同“掏”，指挖土烧瓦。
无片瓦：没有一片瓦。
沾：同“沾”。
鳞鳞：形容屋瓦如鱼鳞般整齐排列。大厦：高大的屋子。
陶者鉴赏
揭露封建社会不劳而获、反映劳动者疾苦的诗篇，古代有很多，但从唐人孟郊的《织妇词》到宋人张俞《蚕妇》，多着眼于衣着。郑谷的《偶书》，于濆的《辛苦行》从耕者腹长饥入手。相比之下，梅尧臣此诗写烧窑GREn2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>工人，就显得十分新颖。这两句有的本子作“十指不沾泥，”“十”字虽不如“寸”字尖新，但也写出了富家子的根本不劳动。而以“鳞鳞”形容大厦，形象也非常鲜明。诗人用字简练，含意深刻，读之发人深省。
《陶者》属于反映社会现实和民生疾苦的作品。首二句以陶者“陶尽门前土”与“屋上无片瓦”相对比，付出如彼，所得如此，人间之不公尽在其中。后二句以居者“十指不沾泥”与“鳞鳞居大厦”对比，付出如彼，所得如此，人间之不公可想而知。前二句以对比道出，后二句亦以对比道出，前二句与后二句更以对比鲜明令人惊叹。《陶者》一诗正以这种环环相扣的对比，道出了人世间的不公平，表达了对弱者的同情，风格古朴平淡。
在梅尧臣以前，唐代人已经写了大量反映社会不平等的诗，大都写耕织的农民，梅尧臣这首诗换了个角度，写手工业者，可以说是对自己做诗目标“意新语工”的实践。诗在写作上，打破了绝句声律的格局限制，句法散文化，近似古代的风谣，这正是梅诗古朴淡泊的特色。后来有位并不出名的诗人张俞，作了一首《蚕妇》诗说：“昨日入城市，归来泪满巾。遍身罗绮者，不是养蚕人。”主题与梅诗相同，不知是否受到过梅诗的启发。近代有很多风谣，往往通过对比显示不合理，则受梅诗影响是很明显的。
从《陶者》即可看出，梅尧臣不断观察、聚焦日常生活的种种细节，在生活场景和人生经历中开拓、寻找前人未曾注意的题材，或在写前人写过的题材上翻新，开宋诗好为新奇、力避陈熟的风气。梅诗构思奇巧而取材平平，用意深远而出之淡然，感情深厚而语句平淡，寓奇峭于朴素，外枯中膏，淡而有味，这是梅诗的创造与追求，也是宋诗的审美取向。
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刘邦《
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大风歌》
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陈与义《
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雨晴》
梅尧臣简介
唐代·梅尧臣的简介
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梅尧臣（1002～1060）字圣俞，世称宛陵先生，北宋著名现实主义诗人。汉族，宣州宣城（今属安徽）人。宣城古称宛陵，世称宛陵先生。初试不第，以荫补河南主簿。50岁后，于皇祐三年（1051）始得宋仁宗召试，赐同进士出身，为太常博士。以欧阳修荐，为国子监直讲，累迁尚书都官员外郎，故世称“梅直讲”、“梅都官”。曾参与编撰《新唐书》，并为《孙子兵法》作注，所注为孙子十家著（或十一家著）之一。有《宛陵先生集》60卷，有《四部丛刊》影明刊本等。词存二首。
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