淮村兵后
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宋代]：戴复古
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小桃无主自开花，烟草茫茫带晚鸦。
几处败垣围故井，向来一一是人家。
淮村兵后译文及注释
译文
寂寞的一株小桃树，没人欣赏，默默地开着红花。满眼是迷离的春草，笼罩着雾气，黄昏里盘旋着几只乌鸦。
一处处毁坏倒塌的矮墙，缭绕着废弃的水井；这里与那里，原先都住满了人家。
注释
淮村：淮河边的村庄。
小桃：初春即开花的一种桃树。
烟草：烟雾笼罩的草丛。
败垣（yuán）：倒塌毁坏了的矮墙。
故井：废井。也指人家。
向来：一作“乡来”。往昔，过去。乡，通“ 向 ”。
淮村兵后创作背景
南宋时，淮河流域是宋、金交战的前线，村庄田野都受到毁灭性的破坏，昔日繁华的城市、富饶的村庄，一派萧条。戴复古的这首诗，就是写战乱后淮河边上的一座村庄的情况。
淮村兵后鉴赏
野外的村庄，当春天时，最抢眼的是桃红柳绿、碧草绵绵，诗人就从桃花入手，说桃花盛开，绿草上笼罩着一片雾气，望不到边，在夕阳的余晖中，乌鸦喧闹着。桃花盛开本是一幅很鲜明的画面，显示出勃勃的春的生机，但诗加上“无主”二字，就平添了凄凉与伤惨；而春草笼烟展示的也是万物繁昌的景象，加上“茫茫”二字，隐隐在说，这里的耕地都长满了野草，一片荒凉，末缀上乌鸦这一不吉祥的鸟，不啻在告诉人们，这里已经没有人烟了。诗人匠心独运，把极热闹奋发的春天写得极不堪，不写兵荒马乱，兵荒马乱已经包括了进去。
三、四句承上而来。一、二句写景，通过无主的花卉及无人耕种的荒田、盘旋的乌鸦，点出了背景后的人都已被杀尽逃光了，三、四句就更深一层写，说到处都是毁坏了的矮墙围着废井，这儿原来都住有人家。这两句呼应题目“淮村兵后”，把景物从大背景中拉回，定格在“村”上，具体写时则混写一句，以住家的破败来囊括兵后一切。家成了败垣废井，屋子自然无存，人就更不用说了。
“小桃无主自开花”，桃花不识人间悲苦，花开依旧。这早春的艳阳景色，倍增兵后的凄凉。烟草茫茫，晚鸦聒噪，兵后逃亡，人烟稀少，为后面两句点题的诗蓄势。“几处败垣围故井，向来一一是人家”，这两句是诗的主旨。本来，这里原是人们聚居的地方，可现在只留下了残垣故井，一切都已荡然无存了。这首短短的绝句，为兵后荒村，画出了最典型的图景。
井是聚居的重要标志。有井处，方有人家。干戈寥落，家园破败，最难移易的是井，最难毁损的是井，井是逝去生活的不移见证。因此，井最能触动怀旧的心理。历来诗人对故宅荒芜、沧桑变迁，多有以井为题材的描写。唐·佚名《过故宅》：“草深斜径灭，水尽曲池空。林中送明月，是处来春风。惟余一故井，尚夹两株桐。”韦应物：“废井没荒草，阴牖生绿苔。门前车马散，非复昔时来。”许浑：“乱藤侵废井，荒菊上丛台。”物在人非，故井，废井，最能引发往昔的思念。因为，井旁人家，饮用洗涤，须臾不能离开；井旁人家，悲欢离合，演出了多少人间故事。井，如此贴近人们的生活；井，如此感应人们的心灵。“几处败垣围故井，向来一一是人家。”典型的环境，典型的细节，戴复古找到了兵后荒村最真实的遗迹，找到了追怀往昔最有力的载体。
诗的巧思源于生活的实感。戴复古家居浙东，偏安一隅，却能把离乱景象写得如此真切。南宋文士忧国忧民，“难禁满目中原泪”，他们对沦入敌手的中原，铭记心中，正如戴复古感叹的那样：“最苦无山遮望眼，淮南极目尽神州！”所以，他在《久客还乡》中写道：“生长此方真乐土，江淮百姓正流离。”正因心存沦亡后的中原，心存流离中的百姓，方能心心相印，方能写出如此真切的劫难后的荒村景象。
整首诗以景为主，寄托诗人对遭受兵乱的人民表示深厚的同情和对入侵敌人的仇恨。江湖诗派的作者固然多应酬之作，但当他们的笔触涉及到现实生活时，同样有自己深沉的思想。
在中国古代，不知发生了多少次战争，“兴，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦”，因而不少诗人通过对战祸的描写，表示自己的哀悼。著名的诗如杜甫《春望》：“国破山河在，城春草木深。感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。”借草木花鸟以抒愤疾。又如韩偓《乱后却至近甸有感》写乱后的城市情况说：“狂童容易犯金门，比屋齐人作旅魂。夜户不扃生茂草，春渠自溢浸荒园。”戴复古这首诗，很明显借鉴了杜、韩的写法，含蓄地表示情感，很具特色。
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屈复《
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偶然作》
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佚名《
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月儿弯弯照九州》
戴复古简介
唐代·戴复古的简介
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戴复古（1167—?)）南宋著名江湖派诗人。字式之，常居南塘石屏山，故自号石屏、石屏樵隐。天台黄岩（今属浙江台州）人。一生不仕，浪游江湖，后归家隐居，卒年八十余。曾从陆游学诗，作品受晚唐诗风影响，兼具江西诗派风格。部分作品抒发爱国思想，反映人民疾苦，具有现实意义。
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于慎行
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诸生祖帐拥离颜，云际飞凫不可攀。万里天悬琼岛月，三秋人住谷城山。
梅花北岭通闽路，海水南头望汉关。此日鲛人愁正极，因君欲见去珠还。