别老母
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清代]:黄景仁
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别老母译文及注释
译文
因为要去河梁谋生,所以把帷帐撩起,依依不舍要向年迈的母亲辞别,看到白发苍苍的老母不由泪下不停,眼泪也流干了。
在这风雪之夜,不能在母亲身边尽孝却要掩柴门凄惨地远去,不禁令人兴叹:养子又有何用呢?倒不如没有啊。
注释
搴(qiān)帷(wéi):掀起门帘,出门。
河梁:桥,替代送别地。
枯(kū):干涸。
惨惨:幽暗无光。
柴门:树枝编的门,替代贫苦人家。
别老母创作背景
清高宗乾隆三十六年(1771),黄景仁外出为官府办事,在一个风雪交加的夜晚,他告辞妻女和拜别老母,写下了这首诗来表达其悲伤的心情。
参考资料:
1、张承.《经典诗词品读》:中国社会出版社,2009.09:第78页
别老母鉴赏
诗的第一句“搴帷拜母河梁去”,即掀开门帘,告诉老母,儿就要起程动身了。但因为是游幕谋生,(游幕是指旧时知识分子离开本乡到外地寻求教学或投向官府求职)这种告别是无一定目的的,所以只能说河梁去。一方面是老母难离,另一方面因生活所迫又不得不离,这种既难舍又无奈情景,暗示了作者极为痛苦的心情。诗的第二句“白发愁看泪眼枯”在即将告别老母外出的时候,作者没有直抒胸臆,表达对老母难分难舍的情感,而是著笔于老母此时的情状:白发苍苍,愁容满面,凄切悲凉,欲哭无泪。还容得着说吗?一切伤心,都隐藏在老母的这张面孔之中,离不得舍不得,却不得不离,不得不舍。这种情感的磨难,真令人寸肠欲断,撕肝裂肺。至此,谁能不为之动容呢?诗的第三句“惨惨柴门风雪夜”,转入了告别老母的时空环境,作者用“柴门”“风雪夜”两个最简单的词儿,极其概括典型地告诉人们,在那种环境下,一个不能掌握自己命运的人的凄楚难熬。作者在另外的地方也有过贫穷潦倒的描述,如“全家都在秋风里,九月衣裳未剪裁”,如果说那还只是一种对贫愁的感叹,那末“柴门”“风雪夜”则是此时此地,此情此景了。风雪因柴门而更为肆虐,柴门因风雪而更为难忍,此时向老母告别,除了“惨惨”还有什么可说呢?最后,作者集愧疚,自责,痛恨于一身,发出了“此时有子不如无”的感慨。这种感慨是极为凝重的,它已经不是一般意义上的爱母之心,恋母之情,而变成了对那个时代的正义控诉,对所有无依,无靠,无助老者的深切同情,对天下不孝子女的严厉谴责,这是由个人情感到整体理念的升华,它从生育学角度告诫世人,养子无用,不如不养。因此,《别老母》诗,比起那些爱母,敬母的直描作品,更具感染力和普遍性。成为爱母作品中不朽的绝唱。
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佚名《
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江南》
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鲍照《
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梅花落》
黄景仁简介
唐代·黄景仁的简介
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黄景仁(1749~1783),清代诗人。字汉镛,一字仲则,号鹿菲子,阳湖(今江苏省常州市)人。四岁而孤,家境清贫,少年时即负诗名,为谋生计,曾四方奔波。一生怀才不遇,穷困潦倒,后授县丞,未及补官即在贫病交加中客死他乡,年仅35岁。诗负盛名,为“毗陵七子”之一。诗学李白,所作多抒发穷愁不遇、寂寞凄怆之情怀,也有愤世嫉俗的篇章。七言诗极有特色。亦能词。著有《两当轩全集》。
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