田翁叹
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唐代]：于濆
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手植千树桑，文杏作中梁。
频年徭役重，尽属富家郎。
富家田业广，用此买金章。
昨日门前过，轩车满垂杨。
归来说向家，儿孙竟咨嗟。
不见千树桑，一浦芙蓉花。
田翁叹译文及注释
译文
亲手栽下很多棵杏与桑，富家郎砍倒文杏作中梁。
只因为连年徭役太繁重，不得不全部卖给富家郎。
富家的大郎田地产业多，他又花臭钱买来大官当。
老田翁咋日在他门前过，垂杨下满是贵人的车辆。
老田翁到家一向家人讲，惹得满室的儿孙竟嗟伤。
看不见千裸桑树与杏树，只有满池的荷花散幽香。
注释
植：种树。
树：株，棵。
文杏：杏树的一种，树高大，其材有文彩，可做中梁。
频年：累年，连年。
尽：都，全部。
金章：大官执掌的金印。
轩：古代一种前顶较高而有帷幕的车子，供大夫以上的人乘坐。
垂杨：树名，又名垂柳，此树易于栽种，枝叶下垂，摇曳多姿。
说向家：“向家说”的倒文，向家人说起此事的意思。
咨嗟：感叹声。
浦：本作“水滨”解，这里指水池。
芙蓉花：荷花的别名，荷花为多年生草本植物，生浅水中，开花美丽，又有莲花、菡萏等别名。
参考资料：
1、尚作恩．晚唐诗译释：黑龙江人民出版社，1987：155-158
2、吉林大学中文系．唐诗鉴赏大典（十二）：吉林大学出版社，2009
田翁叹鉴赏
《田翁叹》通过一位植树田翁的感叹反映了广阔的社会面貌，写出了封建社会的阶级对立、人间的不平与官府徭役的繁重与害人。这位植树的田翁是一位勤劳善良的老农，他辛勤劳动了一生，亲手栽下了千棵桑树与杏树，他本指望这些劳动会给自已与自己的一家带来温饱，也造福于社会与后代。这种愿望是应该得到满足的。但是，封建社会的现实却完全是另外一回事。连年繁重的徭役使田翁倾家荡产，他不得不把自己心爱的倾注了全部心血与希望的桑林与杏树卖给富家郎。而这位富家郎却砍倒“文杏作中梁”，又段林开池，在池中种上了满池的荷花，以供自己的观赏与享乐。这位富家郎“田业广”，又花钱买了“金章”，步入了官场。他又广为结交，使他家门前的垂杨下满是贵人的车辆。这样的现实，使田翁及田翁的一家感叹嗟伤，又使作者感到不平。
这首诗形象鲜明，有简单的故事情节。田翁的形象是从作者的正面描写中展示出来的。这首诗是以写田翁的所做、所观、所想为主，这位田翁的性格特点是由他的动作及心理活动表现出来的。他“手植千树桑”，他家有满室的儿孙，说明他的勤劳，他已经为社会劳动了一生。他对富家郎的怨恨说明他有朴素的阶级觉悟。他对“千树桑”被毁，对他亲手栽的文杏做了中梁，对桑林被开为荷花池感到痛心与惋惜，这说明他一生种桑与种杏不单是为了自身与一家人的温饱（当然也包含着为自身与一家人的温饱），这中间透出了一定的为社会及后代造福的思想。这是他性格中可贵的善良的一面。这位老田翁的形象是具体的，是有血有肉的。而那位富家郎的活动，他的所作所为，他砍“文杏作中梁”，他“田业广”，他用钱“买金章”，他招来无数贵人的车辆，他毁桑林开水池种荷花，这一切都是从田翁的眼里看出，从田翁的嘴里说出，这种写法省略了不少笔墨，而这位富家郎“为富不仁”的特点又表现得极为突出。作者的态度，作者对田翁的同情，对富家郎的厌恶与斥责都是通过这些具体描写表现出来的。诗人对官府徭役繁重的揭露也没有正面阐述，只是在说明田翁把“手植”的“千树桑”卖给富家郎的原因时，顺便交待了一句“频年徭役重”，致使田翁的“千树桑”“尽属富家郎”。这样描写，使这首诗重点突出，情节多变化，这是一首以叙事与扦情二者相结合的作品。另外，这首诗巧妙运用对比的手法。诗中田翁与富家郎是封建社会两类人的代表，田翁是受压迫受剥削的劳动者，富家即是压迫别人剥削别人的官僚地主。这两者在诗中构成了鲜明的对比，封建社会的阶级对立就在这对比之中展示出来。同时，语言通俗形象，情节跳跃性较大也是这首诗的特点。
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李白《
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题元丹丘颍阳山居》
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李清照《
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钓台 / 夜发严滩》
于濆简介
唐代·于濆的简介
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于濆，字子漪，自号逸诗，晚唐诗人，里居及生卒年均不详，约唐僖宗乾符初（约876年前后）在世。咸通二年（681年）举进士及第，仕终泗州判官。濆患当时诗人拘束声律而入轻浮，故作古风三十篇，以矫弊俗，自号逸诗，有《于濆诗集》、《新唐书艺文志》传于世。
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