浣溪沙·杨花
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明代]:陈子龙
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百尺章台撩乱飞,重重帘幕弄春晖。怜他飘泊奈他飞。
澹日滚残花影下,软风吹送玉楼西。天涯心事少人知。
浣溪沙·杨花译文及注释
译文
在高高的专门送别的章台旁缭乱飞舞,在重重的帘幕前的春天阳光中翻腾,可怜啊,它这样无境止地飘泊,但又有怎样的办法不让它飞扬。
在淡淡的日光中慢慢飘摇洒落于花丛阴影下,又被温熙的和风吹拂到华美的高楼的西边,如那在天涯飘泊流离的旅人一样,它的心事少有人知道。
注释
百尺章台:典出韩翔的爱情故事,详情参见韩掬《章台柳》及妻柳氏《杨柳枝》(本书第十二辑)的注释。“章台”,原系汉长安的街道名,多设歌楼妓馆,遍植杨柳,唐宋诗词中却成了秦楼楚馆的代名词,吟咏中常用之。
重重帘幕:喻指陈柳婚姻中的重重障碍。“春晖”,指春光。
玉楼:华丽的楼房;亦指仙人居处。
天涯心事:相隔天涯,彼此间的情意。
参考资料:
1、万木春、李凌、黎勤.《中国古代爱情诗三百首》:中国社会科学出版社,2009年:第350页
2、许海山.《中国历代诗词曲赋大观》:北京燕山出版社,2007年:第368页
浣溪沙·杨花鉴赏
上片“百尺章台撩乱飞,重重帘幕弄春晖”,是对柳如是处于名妓生活的写照。这里明写杨柳,暗喻柳如是之姓,语意双关。“百尺”,指柳如是当时居住高楼,名望甚高,难以攀折。“撩乱飞”,有思绪撩乱纷纷之意。“重重帘幕”,指柳氏所居之深宅大院,甚为豪华。“弄春晖”,指舞弄着“春色”,正在走红。整个两句,描写柳如是当时在妓女界的名望、地位及其豪华生活。对这位功名未就、生活拮据的年少书生陈子龙来说,自然既存爱慕之心,又有怜惜之意。遂有“怜他漂泊奈他飞”的感慨。柳如是幼年即为周道登玩弄于股掌之上,年十五流落风尘,漂泊的命运犹如杨花柳絮,引起陈子龙的怜惜与同情;加以对柳如是深情相爱,但由于自己生计尚不富裕,家有嫡妻把持,无法将柳如是救出水火,结为鸾风,在这无奈之中,只有像杨花一样,任他随风飘荡了。
下片“淡日滚残花影下,软风吹送玉楼西”,这里将柳如是的未来生涯,继续比作杨花柳絮,作动态的描述加以警告。此处“淡日”,指暗淡的日子。“软风”,指柔和的微风。就是说,不须要强劲的风,即可轻轻地将花下的絮球吹到楼边墙角,了它残生。这里有着深刻的含义,作者向他的恋人柳如是提示:不要只看到在这青春盛日,被那名流学士竞相追逐的繁华似锦的生活(指上片“重重帘幕弄春晖”的盛况),还须想到日后年老色衰,渐渐为人所弃的暗淡日子里的悲惨处境。上片一个“弄”字,下片一个“残”字,上片渲染“春晖”,下片揭示“淡日”,一前一后,遥相呼应,一喜一悲,相互映照,很是值得玩味。最后以“天涯心事少人知”作结,含蓄有致,给读者留下了想像的余地。就是说,我的这一番心事,是很少有人知道的,您可知否?真是语重心长,含情脉脉,其中蕴藏着多少感人的肺腑之言!至于此处的“天涯”,究竟指的是:人在天涯,寄语情怀;还是人在咫尺,心怀天涯之事?又,这番“心事”,究竟指的是:恋情堪虑的心事,还是事业抱负的心事?都未明言。所有这些,留给读者去品味吧!
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昌谷北园新笋四首》
陈子龙简介
唐代·陈子龙的简介
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陈子龙(1608—1647)明末官员、文学家。初名介,字卧子、懋中、人中,号大樽、海士、轶符等。汉族,南直隶松江华亭(今上海松江)人。崇祯十年进士,曾任绍兴推官,论功擢兵科给事中,命甫下而明亡。清兵陷南京,他和太湖民众武装组织联络,开展抗清活动,事败后被捕,投水殉国。他是明末重要作家,诗歌成就较高,诗风或悲壮苍凉,充满民族气节;或典雅华丽;或合二种风格于一体。擅长七律、七言歌行、七绝,被公认为“明诗殿军”。陈子龙亦工词,为婉约词名家、云间词派盟主,被后代众多著名词评家誉为“明代第一词人”。
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