红蕉
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唐代]：柳宗元
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晚英值穷节，绿润含朱光。
以兹正阳色，窈窕凌清霜。
远物世所重，旅人心独伤。
回晖眺林际，摵摵无遗芳。
红蕉译文及注释
译文
红蕉岁未犹吐芳，绿叶红花含春光。
凭此春夏鲜艳色，娇柔美好斗寒霜。
世人偏重边远物，流放之人独悲伤。
远眺夕照山林间，落木萧萧无遗芳。
注释
红蕉：即美人蕉，形似芭蕉而矮小，花色红艳。
[晚英：秋冬之花，此指红蕉。穷节：岁未时节。
绿润：指红蕉叶的鲜绿。朱光：指红蕉花的红艳。
以兹：凭此用此。正阳：指农历的四月。正阳色：指红蕉至秋冬仍保持春夏时的颜色。
窈窕：（yǎo tiǎo）：美好的样子。凌：乘，凌驾。清霜：寒霜。
远物：边远地区的事物，此指红蕉。
旅人：客居在外的人，被流放的人，此诗人自指。
回晖：夕照。
槭槭（qī）：拟声词，落叶声。
参考资料：
1、天下阅读网.红蕉
红蕉鉴赏
对于柳宗元的咏物诗，汪森在《韩柳诗选》中评论道：“短章咏物，简淡高古，都能于古人陈语脱化生新也”。对于《红蕉》，古人亦多陈语，关键在柳宗元如何“脱化”，怎样“生新”。
宋祁在他的《红蕉花赞》中，称颂红蕉“叶小而花鲜明可喜”，范成大在他的《桂海虞衡志》中，则对红蕉的花“端各有一点鲜绿”倍加喜爱。大抵红蕉后人径直称其为“美人蕉”，都是着眼于其花的艳丽动人吧。
第一联直写其花。虽也对其外表予以描写，但却更突出其精神。“晚英”，指秋冬之花，王勃曾用来写梅花，刘禹锡曾用来写菊花。而将红蕉也称之为晚英者，柳宗元当为第一人。又因为红蕉“春夏开，至岁寒犹芳”，这样称呼，也是恰如其分的，这便是“脱化”。
“穷节”是指岁未时节，此时万花纷谢，百草调零。一个“值”字，便显出红蕉精神。然而，这还不是它的全部。“以兹正阳色，窈窕凌清霜”。第二联才抓住了红蕉本色。红蕉不同于菊之清冷，更不同梅之寒瘦，它以春夏盛开的百花仙子之一的面貌，以娇小美好的风姿，迎寒斗霜，一个“凌”字，将其无畏的精神，勇敢的品格，和超然洒脱的风貌，表现得淋漓尽致、栩栩如生。至此，诗人在读者面前，塑造了一个前无古人的艺术形象，这便是柳宗元的创造，便也是他的“生新”。
咏物诗的理解，最关键的是在准确理解诗人所咏之物以后，更能深入把握诗人赋予所咏之物的精神。即在所咏之物上所寄寓的思想感情。近藤元粹在《柳柳州诗集》中，给《红蕉》一诗下了四个字的评语，“寓感甚切”。第三联云：“远物世所重，旅人心独伤”。许多人会把注意力放在下句，但诗人将话说得明白，看不出何处有“寓感”。
“远物”承上，是指红蕉，但叫“远物”是因为红蕉属热带观赏植物，永州地处亚热带地区，故永州可见。柳宗元站在长安和中原的角度，所以将红蕉视为“远物”。因为是“远物”，便成了稀罕物，所以才会“世所重”。这个“世”是指包括诗人在内的“世之人”。当然，从前两联来看，如此看重红蕉的只能是被贬谪到永州的柳宗元了。
因为说远物，自然便想到了永州，因为想到永州，便会勾起诗人的无限悲伤。因为说到远物被人看重，自然便会想到被流放到永州来的自己，早已被统治者遗忘。诗人原本抱有随时间推移，会被重新起用的期望的，然而看来，希望渺茫。面对红蕉，感叹身世，不禁“心独伤”。同是处于永州，“远物”和“人”所受待遇是如此天地之别，这便是诗人伤心的原因。
“回晖眺林际，槭槭无遗芳”。诗人将目光转向夕照下的山林，一片落叶声中，看不到一朵鲜花。这本是秋冬之景，在题为《红蕉》的诗中，将远处的这一片萧条景象和眼前“窈窕凌清霜”的红蕉，叠放在一起，会产生一种特殊的艺术效果。如果说群芳已经消失，那么最后，就该轮到红蕉了。如果“世所重”的红蕉，性命也终难保，那么，无人关照的“旅人”的命运可想而知。
原来，《红蕉》一诗寓着诗人对自己命运的深深的忧虑，而且是一种被注定为悲剧的预感，压得他喘不过气来。“寓感甚切”四字，是十分确切的。
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养竹记》
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韩愈《
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题张十一旅舍三咏榴花》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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