白菊三首
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唐代]：司空图
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人间万恨已难平，栽得垂杨更系情。
莫惜西风又起来，犹能婀娜傍池台。
不辞暂被霜寒挫，舞袖招香即却回。
为报繁霜且莫催，穷秋须到自低垂。
横拖长袖招人别，只待春风却舞来。
白菊三首鉴赏
菊花虽以黄色为正，但白菊因其洁白如玉的颜色，更易给人以清高脱俗之感，故历来咏白菊的诗词也为数不少。司空图的这三首诗，就是其中的精品之作。
第一首诗是开题之作。诗歌的首句就显得非常突兀，气势非凡。尘世人间的纷纷扰扰，让人心烦意乱，渴求能有一方平静的天空来安抚自己的心灵。那些杨柳难以完成这一使命。因为“柳”与“留”谐音，古人常有折柳赠别的习俗，所以杨柳只会让人想起离别之情，使原有的烦乱心情更加沉重了。这种境况之下，诗人欣喜地发现，在置闰之前、霜雪未降的时节，菊花摇曳着轻盈的姿态，像是在为人作宽慰之解，此时，诗人心中的烦闷之情恐怕已经扫荡殆尽了。
第二首诗是接承了上首诗的诗意，描摹了菊花开放时的情景，进一步表达了菊花的赞美之意。西风吹来，万物凋零，但此时此刻只有菊花还在池台庭院旁边以其婀娜多姿的体态绽放着生命力。虽然有严寒和霜雪袭来，但菊花毫无畏惧，摆动轻盈的舞袖，那醉人的花香就会萦绕在赏花人的面前，给人们带来了春天般的美好。
第三首诗写道，繁霜降下，秋去冬来，菊花终究要与人们辞别了。但是这种辞别没有哀伤与悲愁，只有从容与淡定。“且莫催”、“自低垂”的“且”与“自”二字，将菊花的从容姿态充分展现出来。尽管是辞别，菊花依然是横拖长袖，呈现出让人怜惜的姿容，那种乐观与淡定，让人不由得对菊花在来年春天的重新萌发充满了乐观的期望。“只待”与“舞来”也是非常富有表现力的字眼。
三首诗前后结构整齐、意脉贯通，采取以短篇连缀成长篇的手法，不但将白菊的动人形象展现于读者眼前，更提炼、升华出其内在的优秀精神品质，取得了良好的艺术效果。
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上一首：
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李觏《
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残叶》
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下一首：
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李清照《
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多丽·咏白菊》
司空图简介
唐代·司空图的简介
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司空图（837～908）晚唐诗人、诗论家。字表圣，自号知非子，又号耐辱居士。祖籍临淮（今安徽泗县东南），自幼随家迁居河中虞乡（今山西永济）。唐懿宗咸通十年（869年）应试，擢进士上第，天复四年（904年），朱全忠召为礼部尚书，司空图佯装老朽不任事，被放还。后梁开平二年（908年），唐哀帝被弑，他绝食而死，终年七十二岁。司空图成就主要在诗论，《二十四诗品》为不朽之作。《全唐诗》收诗三卷。
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