登幽州台歌
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唐代]:陈子昂
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前不见古人,后不见来者。
登幽州台歌译文及注释
译文
往前不见古代招贤的圣君,向后不见后世求才的明君。
只有那苍茫天地悠悠无限,止不住满怀悲伤热泪纷纷。
注释
幽州:古十二州之一,现今北京市。幽州台:即黄金台,又称蓟北楼,故址在今北京市大兴,是燕昭王为招纳天下贤士而建。
前:过去。古人:古代那些能够礼贤下士的圣君。
后:未来。来者:后世那些重视人才的贤明君主。
念:想到。悠悠:形容时间的久远和空间的广大。
怆(chuàng)然:悲伤凄恻的样子。涕:古时指眼泪。
登幽州台歌创作背景
这首诗写于武则天万岁通天元年(696年)。陈子昂是一个具有政治见识和政治才能的文人。诗人接连受到挫折,眼看报国宏愿成为泡影,因此登上蓟北楼,慷慨悲吟,写下了《登幽州台歌》以及《蓟丘览古赠卢居士藏用七首》等诗篇。
参考资料:
1、王运熙 等.唐诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1983:46-47
登幽州台歌鉴赏
《登幽州台歌》这首短诗,深刻地表现了诗人怀才不遇、寂寞无聊的情绪。语言苍劲奔放,富有感染力,成为历来传诵的名篇。
“前不见古人,后不见来者。”这里的古人是指古代那些能够礼贤下士的贤明君主。《蓟丘览古赠卢居士藏用》与《登幽州台歌》是同时之作,其内容可资参证。《蓟丘览古赠卢居士藏用》七首,对战国时代燕昭王礼遇乐毅、郭隗,燕太子丹礼遇田光等历史事迹,表示无限钦慕。但是,像燕昭王那样前代的贤君既不复可见,后来的贤明之主也来不及见到,自己真是生不逢时;当登台远眺时,只见茫茫宇宙,天长地久,不禁感到孤单寂寞,悲从中来,怆然流泪了。因此以“山河依旧,人物不同”来抒发自己“生不逢辰”的哀叹。这里免不了有对时世的感伤,但也有诗人对诗坛污浊的憎恶。诗人看不见前古贤人,古人也没来得及看见诗人;诗人看不见未来英杰,未来英杰同样看不见诗人,诗人所能看见以及能看见诗人的,只有眼前这个时代。这首诗以慷慨悲凉的调子,表现了诗人失意的境遇和寂寞苦闷的情怀。这种悲哀常常为旧社会许多怀才不遇的人士所共有,因而获得广泛的共鸣。
这首诗没有对幽州台作一字描写,而只是登台的感慨,却成为千古名篇。诗篇风格明朗刚健,是具有“汉魏风骨”的唐代诗歌的先驱之作,对扫除齐梁浮艳纤弱的形式主义诗风具有拓疆开路之功。在艺术上,其意境雄浑,视野开阔,使得诗人的自我形象更加鲜亮感人。全诗语言奔放,富有感染力,虽然只有短短四句,却在人们面前展现了一幅境界雄浑,浩瀚空旷的艺术画面。诗的前三句粗笔勾勒,以浩茫宽广的宇宙天地和沧桑易变的古今人事作为深邃、壮美的背景加以衬托。第四句饱蘸感情,凌空一笔,使抒情主人公——诗人慷慨悲壮的自我形象站到了画面的主位上,画面顿时神韵飞动,光彩照人。从结构脉络上说,前两句是俯仰古今,写出时间的绵长;第三句登楼眺望,写空间的辽阔无限;第四句写诗人孤单悲苦的心绪。这样前后相互映照,格外动人。
在用辞造语方面,此诗深受《楚辞》特别是其中《远游》篇的影响。《远游》有云:“惟天地之无穷兮,哀人生之长勤。往者余弗及兮,来者吾不闻。”此诗语句即从此化出,然而意境却更苍茫遒劲。
同时,在句式方面,采取了长短参错的楚辞体句法。上两句每句五字,三个停顿,其句式为:
前──不见──古人,后──不见──来者;
后两句每句六字,四个停顿,其句式为:
念──天地──之──悠悠,独──怆然──而──涕下。
前两句音节比较急促,传达了诗人生不逢时、抑郁不平之气;后两句各增加了一个虚字(“之”和“而”),多了一个停顿,音节就比较舒徐流畅,表现了他无可奈何、曼声长叹的情景。全篇前后句法长短不齐,音节抑扬变化,互相配合,增强了艺术感染力。
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常建《
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题破山寺后禅院》
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李白《
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行路难·其一》
陈子昂简介
唐代·陈子昂的简介
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陈子昂(约公元661~公元702),唐代文学家,初唐诗文革新人物之一。字伯玉,汉族,梓州射洪(今属四川)人。因曾任右拾遗,后世称为陈拾遗。光宅进士,历仕武则天朝麟台正字、右拾遗。解职归乡后受人所害,忧愤而死。其存诗共100多首,其中最有代表性的是《感遇》诗38首,《蓟丘览古赠卢居士藏用》7首和《登幽州台歌》。
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