除夜
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唐代]：崔涂
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迢递三巴路，羁危万里身。
渐与骨肉远，转于僮仆亲。
那堪正飘泊，明日岁华新。
除夜译文及注释
译文
跋涉在道路崎岖又遥远的三巴路上，客居在万里之外的危险地方。四面群山下，残雪映寒夜，对烛夜坐，我这他乡之客。因离亲人越来越远，反而与书童和仆人渐渐亲近。真难以忍受在漂泊中度过除夕夜，到明天岁月更新就是新的一年。
注释
迢递：遥远貌。三巴：指巴郡、巴东、巴西，在今四川东部。
羁危：在艰险中羁旅漂泊。
“烛”：一作“独”。人：一作“春”。
转于：反与。僮仆：随行小奴。
飘：一作“漂”。
明日：指新年。岁华：岁月，年华。
除夜鉴赏
这首诗是诗人客居他地、除夕怀乡之作。诗人身在异乡，深感羁旅艰危。三、四两句写凄清的除夕夜景，渲染诗人落寞情怀。五、六两句写远离亲人，连僮仆也感到亲切，更表达出思乡之切。最后两句寄希望于新年，飘泊之感更烈，自然真切。全诗用语朴实，抒情细腻。离愁乡思，发泄无余。其中“渐与骨肉远，转于僮仆亲”一句，从王维《宿郑州》“他乡绝俦侣，孤案亲僮仆”化出。本诗作为“万里身”、“异乡人”的深绘，更加悲恻感人。
崔《除夜有感》：“迢递三巴路，羁危万里身。乱山残雪夜，孤烛异乡春。渐与骨肉远，转于僮仆亲。那堪正漂泊，明日岁华新？”读之如凉雨凄风飒然而至，此所谓真诗，正不得以晚唐概薄之。按崔此诗尚胜戴叔伦作。戴之“一年将尽夜，万里未归人。寥落悲前事，支离笑此身，”已自惨然，此尤觉刻肌砭骨。崔长短律皆以一气斡旋，有若口谈，真得张水部之深者。如“并闻寒雨多因夜，不得乡书又到秋”、“正逢摇落仍须别，不待登临已合悲”，皆本色语佳者。至《春夕》一篇，又不待言。
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上一首：
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王昌龄《
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同从弟南斋玩月忆山阴崔少府》
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下一首：
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刘长卿《
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新年作》
崔涂简介
唐代·崔涂的简介
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崔涂（854～?），字礼山，今浙江富春江一带人。唐僖宗光启四年（888）进士。终生飘泊，漫游巴蜀、吴楚、河南，秦陇等地，故其诗多以飘泊生活为题材，情调苍凉。《全唐诗》存其诗1卷。
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