酬郭给事
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唐代]:王维
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晨摇玉佩趋金殿,夕奉天书拜琐闱。
强欲从君无那老,将因卧病解朝衣。
酬郭给事译文及注释
译文
高高的宫门和楼阁冰浴在夕阳的余晖中,桃李技叶茂密,柳絮随风飞舞。
皇宫里钟声稀疏,官舍中办公的官吏已经很少,门下省里只听见乌鸣。
早晨步入金殿时玉佩摇晃,夜晚捧着皇帝的沼书拜别宫门。
想勉强跟着您一同进退,无奈我已衰老,会因病卧床而解下我这身官袍。
注释
郭给事:郭承嘏,字复卿。“给事”,即给事中,是唐代门下省的要职,常在皇帝周围,掌宣达诏令,驳正政令之违失,地位是十分显赫的。
洞门:指深宫中重重相对相通的门。
霭余辉:遮蔽住落日的光辉。
阴阴:枝叶茂密的样子。
禁里:禁里:禁中,即皇宫中。
省:指唐门下省。
玉佩:官员身上佩带的玉石饰物。
趋:小步而行。
奉:“捧”的本字。
天书:皇帝的诏书。
拜琐闱:指毕恭毕敬地离开宫门。琐闱,宫门。因宫门上刻着连琐图案并以青色饰之,故得名。
强:勉强。
从君:喻在朝做官。
无那:无奈。
卧病:生病卧床。
解朝农:喻不再做官。
参考资料:
1、方笑一评注.唐诗三百首品读:上海社会科学院出版社,2008.04:230-231
2、(清)蘅塘退士编.唐诗三百首评注:三秦出版社,1990年12月第1版:259-260
酬郭给事创作背景
这首酬和诗,是王维晚年酬赠与给事中郭某的。
参考资料:
1、《唐诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社,1983年12月版,第168-169页
酬郭给事鉴赏
王维的后半生,虽然过着半官半隐的生活,然而在官场上却是“昆仲宦游两都,凡诸王驸马豪右贵势之门,无不拂席迎之。”(《旧唐书·王维传》)因此,在他的诗作中,这类应酬的题材甚多。这首诗,既颂扬了郭给事,同时也表达了王维想辞官隐居的思想。写法上,诗人又别具机杼。最突出的是捕捉自然景象,状物以达意,使那颂扬之情,完全寓于对景物的描绘中,从而达到了避俗从雅的艺术效果。
首联“洞门高阁霭余晖,桃李阴阴柳絮飞”是写郭给事所在门下省的暮春晚景。门下省官署较大,其间门户重叠,楼宇高耸,在落日余晖的笼罩下,显得十分壮丽。时当暮春,院中的桃李已成绿荫,柳絮在轻轻地飞扬。郭给事在这样幽雅的环境中居官,想来是很可乐的。
诗的前两句着意写郭给事的显达。第一句“洞门高阁”,是皇家的写照,“余晖”恰是皇恩普照的象征。第二句“桃李阴阴”,突显出郭给事桃李满天下,而“柳絮飞”意指那些门生故吏,个个飞扬显达。前后两句,形象地描绘出郭给事上受皇恩之曝,下受门生故吏拥戴,突出了他在朝中的地位。
颔联“禁里疏钟宫舍晚,省中啼鸟吏人稀”是写郭给事在省中值晚班的悠闲自在。宫禁里晚钟敲响,官吏散归,留下一片清静给郭给事,他怡然自得地欣赏着鸟鸣。作为门下省的副长官,他掌管着审核政令的重大职事,倘若有心于国事,如何能有此闲心欣赏鸟鸣?联系杜甫在门下省值班时“不寝听金钥,因风想玉珂。明朝有封事,数问夜如何”(《春宿左省》)的情景,便可知道这位郭大人是位怎样的官吏了。此联的“官舍”、“省中”均指门下省,重复用词,也表现出作者的无话强说之状。
此两句写郭给事居官的清廉闲静。如果说前两句的景状是华艳的,这两句就转为恬淡了。一个“疏”字,一个“稀”字,正好点染了这种闲静的气氛。诗人描写“省中啼鸟”这个现象,意味甚浓。一般说,官衙内总是政务繁忙,人来人往,居然可以听到鸟儿的鸣叫声,正活画出郭给事为官的闲静。
王维作诗,善于抓住自然界中平凡无奇的景或物,赋予它们某种象征意义。“省中啼鸟”,看起来是描写了景致,其实,是暗喻郭给事政绩卓著,时世太平,以致衙内清闲。虽是谀词,却不着一点痕迹。
颈联“晨摇玉佩趋金殿,夕奉天书拜琐闱”是写郭给事官职的显要。早朝时摇弄出玉佩的美音去金殿朝见皇帝,傍晚时捧着皇帝的诏书回到门下省给官吏们宣读。他那恭谨的样子,有一个“趋”和一个“拜”字生动地描写出来了。“晨”、“夕”两字,则使人感到他时时紧随皇帝左右,处于一种令人嘱目的地位。从全诗结构看,这里是极扬一笔,为最后点出全诗主旨作好准备。
诗的末两句作了一个急转,从谦恭的语气中写出了诗人自己的意向:我虽想勉力追随你,无奈年老多病,还是让我辞官归隐吧!这是全诗的主旨,集中地反映了诗人的出世思想。唐人的很多酬赠诗中,往往在陈述了对酬者的仰慕之后,立即表达希冀引荐提拔的用意。然而王维此诗,却一反陈套,使人感到别开生面。
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酬程延秋夜即事见赠》
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高适《
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送李少府贬峡中王少府贬长沙》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维(701年-761年,一说699年—761年),字摩诘,汉族,河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝诗人,有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其:“味摩诘之诗,诗中有画;观摩诘之画,画中有诗。”开元九年(721年)中进士,任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表,今存诗400余首,重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学,受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》,是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名,非常多才多艺,音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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送方彦卿南归用苏东坡送李方叔韵 其三
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明代:
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祁顺
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平生养亲知爱日,片心纯孝谁能识。别来三载又言旋,思向高堂奉颜色。
古言亲在不远游,侍养有违人子责。我怀圣善未许归,寸草难报三春德。