齐安郡后池绝句
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唐代]：杜牧
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菱透浮萍绿锦池，夏莺千啭弄蔷薇。
尽日无人看微雨，鸳鸯相对浴红衣。
齐安郡后池绝句译文及注释
译文
翠菱掩露青萍绿透一池锦水，夏莺歌喉婉转嬉弄蔷薇花枝。
整日无人来观赏这细雨景色，只有鸳鸯相对洗浴红色羽衣。
注释
齐安郡：即黄州。唐代在天宝年间曾改州为郡。
菱：一年生水生草本植物，叶子略呈三角形，叶柄有气囊，夏天开花，白色。浮萍：浮生在水面上的一种草本植物。叶扁平，呈椭圆形或倒卵形，表面绿色，背面紫红色，叶下生须根，花白色。绿：此处作动词用，使动用法。锦池：即题中的“齐安郡后池”。
啭（zhuàn）：指鸟婉转地鸣叫。蔷薇：植物名。落叶灌木，茎细长，蔓生，枝上密生小刺，羽状复叶，小叶倒卵形或长圆形，花白色或淡红色，有芳香，可供观赏。南朝梁江洪《咏蔷薇》：“当户种蔷薇，枝叶太葳蕤。”
尽日：犹终日，整天。《淮南子·泛论训》：“尽日极虑而无益于治，劳形竭智而无补于主。”
鸳鸯：鸟名。似野鸭，体形较小，为中国特产珍禽之一。旧传雌雄偶居不离，古称“匹鸟”。《诗经·小雅·鸳鸯》：“鸳鸯于飞，毕之罗之。”毛传：“鸳鸯，匹鸟也。”红衣：指鸳鸯的彩色羽毛。宋祖可《菩萨蛮》词：“鸳鸯如解语，对浴红衣去。”
参考资料：
1、吴鸥．杜牧诗文选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：87
齐安郡后池绝句创作背景
此诗作于杜牧受人排挤，被外放为黄州刺史之时，时间在在唐武宗会昌二年（842年）四月至会昌四年（844年）九月之间。
参考资料：
1、吴鸥．杜牧诗文选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：87
齐安郡后池绝句鉴赏
这是一首画面优美、引人入胜的小诗。它描绘了一幅生动的画面：一座幽静无人的园林，在蒙蒙丝雨的笼罩下，有露出水面的菱叶、铺满池中的浮萍，有穿叶弄花的鸣莺、花枝离披的蔷薇，还有双双相对的浴水鸳鸯。诗人把这些生机盎然、杂呈眼底的景物，加以剪裁，组合成诗，向读者展示了一幅清幽而妍丽的画图。诗的首句“菱透浮萍绿锦池”和末句“鸳鸯相对浴红衣”，描画的都是池面景，点明题中的“后池”。次句“夏莺千啭弄蔷薇”，描画的是岸边景。这是池面景的陪衬，而从这幅池塘夏色图的布局来看，又是必不可少的。至于第三句“尽日无人看微雨”，虽然淡淡写来，却是极为关键的一句，它为整幅画染上一层幽寂、迷朦的色彩。句中的“看”字，则暗暗托出观景之人。四句诗安排得错落有致，而又融会为一个整体，具有悦目赏心的美感。
这首诗之使人产生美感，还因为它的设色多彩而又协调。刘勰在《文心雕龙·物色篇》中指出“摛表五色，贵在时见”，并举“《雅》咏棠华，或黄或白，《骚》述秋兰，绿叶紫茎”为例。这首绝句在色彩的点染上，交错使用了明笔与暗笔。“绿锦池”、“浴红衣”，明点绿、红两色：“菱”、“浮萍”、“莺”、“蔷薇”，则通过物体暗示绿、黄两色。出水的菱叶和水面的浮萍都是翠绿色，夏莺的羽毛是嫩黄色，而初夏开放的蔷薇花也多半是黄色。就整个画面的配色来看，第一句在池面重叠覆盖上菱叶和浮萍，好似织成了一片绿锦。第二句则为这片绿锦绣上了黄鸟、黄花。不过，这样的色彩配合也许素净有余而明艳不足，因此，诗的末句特以鸳鸯的红衣为画面增添光泽，从而使画面更为醒目。
这首诗还运用了以动表静、以声响显示幽寂的手法。它所要表现的本是一个极其静寂的环境，但诗中不仅有禽鸟浴水、弄花的动景，而且还让蔷薇丛中传出一片莺声。这样写，并没有破坏环境的静寂，反而显得更静寂。这是因为，动与静、声与寂，看似相反，其实相成。王籍《入若耶溪》诗“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽”一句，正道破了这一奥秘。
这首诗通篇写景，但并不是一首单纯的写景诗，景中自有人在，自有情在。三、四两句是全篇关目。第三句不仅展示一个“尽日无人”的环境，而且隐然还有一位尽日看雨之人，其百无聊赖的情状是可以想见的。句中说“看微雨”，其实，丝雨纷纷，无可寓目，可寓目的应是菱叶、浮萍、池水、鸣莺、蔷薇。而其人最后心目所注却是池面鸳鸯的相对戏水。这对鸳鸯更映衬出看雨人的孤独必然使他见景生情，生发许多联想、遐想。可与这首诗参读的有焦循《秋江曲》：“早看鸳鸯飞，暮看鸳鸯宿。鸳鸯有时飞，鸳鸯有时宿。”两诗妙处都在不道破注视鸳鸯的人此时所想何事，所怀何情，而篇外之意却不言自见。对照两诗，杜牧的这首诗可能更空灵含蓄，更有若即若离之妙。
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周邦彦《
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李白《
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白田马上闻莺》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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