龙潭夜坐
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明代]：王守仁
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何处花香入夜清？石林茅屋隔溪声。
幽人月出每孤往，栖鸟山空时一鸣。
草露不辞芒屦湿，松风偏与葛衣轻。
临流欲写猗兰意，江北江南无限情。
龙潭夜坐译文及注释
译文
哪来夜花香气清？石林茅屋隔溪声。
隐者月出每独行，空山偶一传鸟鸣。
草鞋不怕露珠湿，松风偏爱葛衣轻。
水边琢磨《猗兰操》，江南江北都是情。
注释
龙潭：这里指的是滁州的龙池、又称“柏子潭”、“柏子龙潭”。遗址在滁州的龙池街。
幽人：幽隐之人。
芒屦（jù）：草鞋。
葛（gé）衣：泛指秋冬间所穿的衣服。
猗（yī）兰：即《猗兰操》，也称《幽兰操》，琴曲名。《乐府诗集》卷五八：孔子“自卫返鲁，隐谷之中，见香兰独茂，喟然叹曰：‘兰当为王者香，今乃独茂，与众草为伍。’乃止车援琴鼓之，自伤不逢时，托辞于香兰云”。
参考资料：
1、金性尧．《明诗三百首》．西安：陕西师范大学出版社，2010：147
2、冯兆平．《庐山历代诗选》．南昌：江西人民出版社，1980：131
3、张清河．《王阳明诗歌选译》．成都：西南交通大学出版社，2008：194
龙潭夜坐创作背景
此诗为正德九年（1514）春作者于滁州任上所作，时年四十三岁。作者在正德八年（1513）被任为南京太仆寺少卿，因督理马政至滁州，公务之余，时与师友游览当地名胜琅琊山、龙潭等处，并和学生随处讨论学问，相互启发，心情十分愉快。
参考资料：
1、吴格．《王阳明诗文选译》（修订版）．南京：凤凰出版社，2011：225
龙潭夜坐鉴赏
王守仁因反对宦官刘瑾专权，遭谪边多年。刘瑾败后，官至兵部尚书。但其安邦定国大志终不得伸展，心中自然苦闷，故有夜不入眠，寻幽解闷之举。《龙潭夜坐》便是此种心境的写照。
“何处花香入夜清，石林茅屋隔溪声。”首联写“花香”、“溪声”引动诗人游兴。此处开篇点题，扣住“夜坐”落笔，先从嗅觉、听觉写起，“花香”扑鼻而不知所自，“溪声”充耳却隔着石林茅屋。夜深人静，“花香”、“溪声”自然格外清晰，但又都笼罩在夜色朦胧之中，让人感知得到，而捉摸不着，充满神奇的力量，令人向往，激发了诗人的游兴。
此联写诗人月夜独游。诗人这里自称幽人。明月当空，诗人踏着月光，在龙潭附近夜游。四周一片幽静，唯有山中栖息的鸟儿不时发出鸣叫。这里，诗人意在表现月夜的孤寂空廓，但不从寂静无声上用力，而是特意地写了声响，以反衬周围环境的空旷幽邃，达到“鸟鸣山更幽”的艺术效果，使自然界充满生命的意趣。
这一联写诗人徜徉在大自然中的轻松快慰的心境，颇似陶渊明的田园归隐情调。诗人踏着“草露”，迎着“松风”，不怕草鞋打湿，任凭风吹衣飘，虽有露冷风凉之感，但诗人向往归隐生活，一派隐逸风情跃然纸上。
尾联抒发生不逢时的感慨和对大江南北壮丽风光的热爱。孔子在《古琴操》中有《猗兰操》，哀伤生不逢时。王守仁在平定宁王朱宸濠之乱后，因小人陷害，以功成罪。作此诗时，正是他伤不逢时的时候，所以借《猗兰操》琴曲名来抒发心中的烦忧。但正当他面对大江，想要发泄不满时，大江南北的壮丽山河，又使他抑郁的心情豁然开朗，足见诗人的胸怀是坦荡豁达的。
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宿清溪主人》
王守仁简介
唐代·王守仁的简介
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王守仁（1472年10月31日－1529年1月9日），汉族，幼名云，字伯安，号阳明，封新建伯，谥文成，人称王阳明。明代最著名的思想家、文学家、哲学家和军事家。王阳明不仅是宋明心学的集大成者，一生事功也是赫赫有名，故称之为“真三不朽”其学术思想在中国、日本、朝鲜半岛以及东南亚国家乃至全球都有重要而深远的影响，因此，王守仁（心学集大成者）和孔子（儒学创始人）、孟子（儒学集大成者）、朱熹（理学集大成者）并称为孔、孟、朱、王。
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