生查子·秋来愁更深
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宋代]：杨无咎
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秋来愁更深，黛拂双蛾浅。翠袖怯春寒，修竹萧萧晚。
此意有谁知，恨与孤鸿远。小立背西风，又是重门掩。
生查子·秋来愁更深鉴赏
这是一首传统的闺怨题材，写的是深秋时节，闺中少妇思念远方心上人，怨恨交织的情形。
词作开首词人把时间安排在深秋时节，直陈闺中少妇因秋来而“愁更深”。自宋玉悲秋以来，对秋的无奈与叹喟几乎成了诗歌的一个传统题材。而对妇女来说，则有更深一层含义在，那就是如汉代班婕妤在《怨歌行》中所言的：“常恐秋节至，凉飚夺炎热。弃捐箧笥中，恩情中道绝。”这或许便是词作中女主人公为何秋来而“愁更深”的主要原因了。紧接次句词人没有继续写这位女子愁深的程度，转而刻画她的外形：“黛拂双蛾浅”。这句是说女主人公因孤寂，心绪不好，无心刻意修饰自己的面庞，从而把上句所言的“愁”的内涵具体化和明朗化了。“翠袖怯天寒，修竹萧萧晚”二句，是化用杜甫《佳人》中的诗句：“天寒翠袖薄，日暮倚修竹。”翠袖“句是写女主人公不仅无心去刻意妆饰打扮自己，甚至对天气变化也不甚觉察，依旧夏装着身，而只有到了“天寒”，身体受不住了，才感觉到。一个“怯”字，表明女主人公的衣单体弱，更有起到暗示她孤寂可怜的特点。上片结句“修竹萧萧晚”，看似词人是要以景作结，写女主人公住处周围的环境，实则借此进一步暗示女主人公愁苦孤独的形象。深秋薄暮，几株修竹在秋风中瑟瑟摇动。单薄、孤寂，这不就是女主人公形象的写照吗？
下片词作增加抒情分量。“此意有谁知，恨与孤鸿远。”由怨转恨，可知女主人公过此孤寂生活非止一日。“孤鸿”在此有较丰富的含义，它不仅象征女主人公如失群的孤鸿，而且也表示她多么希望鸿雁能捎上自己的怨与恨（即词中的“此意”），给远在天涯的心上人。此外，这句也暗示这位女主公一直是伫立窗口，目送飞鸿远去。“小立背西风，又是重门掩”二句是说，女主人公在萧瑟的秋风中独自伫立，目送孤鸿消失，寂寞无聊的一天又过去了，她怅然回到闺中，掩上门扉，周而复始地让孤寂与凄凉笼罩着自己。这里的“又”字，看似平易，实是蕴含了女主人公的无数辛酸泪。
抒写闺怨是中国古典诗词的传统题材，这首《生查子》在思想内涵上也并没有写出什么新意来，但在艺术上还是有一定的个性的。如情景二者之间的互相烘托、渲染，对女主人公心理的细腻刻画等，都给人留下深刻的印象。
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杜安世《
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吴翌凤《
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临江仙·客睡厌听深夜雨》
杨无咎简介
唐代·杨无咎的简介
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杨无咎（1097～1171）字补之，杨一作扬，一说名补之，字无咎。自号逃禅老人、清夷长者、紫阳居士。临江清江（今江西樟树）人，寓居洪州南昌。绘画尤擅墨梅。水墨人物画师法李公麟。书学欧阳询，笔势劲利。今存《逃禅词》一卷，词多题画之作，风格婉丽。生平事迹见《宋史翼》卷三六。
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