蓦山溪·梅
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宋代]:曹组
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洗妆真态,不作铅花御。竹外一枝斜,想佳人,天寒日暮。黄昏院落,无处著清香,风细细,雪垂垂,何况江头路。
月边疏影,梦到消魂处。梅子欲黄时,又须作,廉纤细雨。孤芳一世,供断有情愁,消瘦损,东阳也,试问花知否?
蓦山溪·梅译文及注释
译文
洗却胭脂铅粉,自有天然态度。一枝疏梅斜出竹外,有如佳人绝代,天寒日暮独倚修竹。黄昏院落,幽芳都无人赏,风细细,雪垂垂。更冷落了江头梅树芬香。
月下疏影多么清雅,梦中却禁不住心神惆怅,待到梅子欲黄时节,又该是阴雨连绵令人断肠。梅花一世孤芳自赏,让有情人愁闷悲伤,可知道为了你,我像沈约般瘦损异常?
注释
蓦山溪:词牌名。又名《上阳春》、《蓦溪山》。《清真集》入“大石调”。双片八十二字,前片六仄韵,后片四仄韵。亦有前片四仄韵,后片三仄韵者,列为别格。
洗妆真态:洗净脂粉,露出真实的姿容。铅花御:用脂粉化妆。铅华:脂粉。御:用。此处作涂抹、修饰讲。
竹外一枝斜:用苏轼《和秦太虚梅花》:“江头千树春欲阁,竹外一枝斜更好。”
天寒日暮:杜甫诗:“天寒翠袖薄,日暮倚修竹。”
“无处”句:意谓无人欣赏。
“风细细”三句:意谓在风雪之中江边的梅花更没有人来挹其清香。
廉纤:细微,纤细,形容连绵不绝。韩愈《晚雨》诗:“廉纤晚雨不能晴,池岸草问蚯蚓鸣。”
供断:供尽,无尽地提供。东阳:南朝梁沈约,曾东阳守。
东阳:指南朝梁曾任东阳太守的沈约。因不得志瘦损之事,此处喻作者自己。
参考资料:
1、程帆主编.唐诗宋词鉴赏辞典 学生版:湖南教育出版社,2011:501-502
2、沙灵娜译注.宋词三百首全译 (上集):贵州人民出版社,2008:283-284
蓦山溪·梅创作背景
孙惟信以祖荫调监,不乐弃去。一榻外无长物,躬婪而食。此词写于词人一直无人赏识,内心愁闷悲伤恰好看到白雪茫茫中的梅花之时。
蓦山溪·梅鉴赏
这是一首咏物词,用拟人的手法描写梅的孤傲独立,暗喻作者高风亮节的自我人格。
上片咏梅,写梅的姿态妖娆和高傲独立。“洗妆真态,不作铅花御”写梅的天然本色,不用胭脂花粉来装扮,有一种天然去雕饰的美感。“竹外一枝斜,想佳人天寒日暮”写梅的姿态,运用了拟人的方式,梅花从翠竹中斜伸出一枝来,就像一位幽独的佳人在天寒日暮时分,倚靠在修竹旁边。接下来“黄昏院落”五句承上句,写黄昏时分,无论是在院落里,还是寒风吹过白雪茫茫的江边之上,孤芳自赏的寒梅,始终发出阵阵的清香。这是对梅高洁品性的进一步赞美,也暗含了对仁人志士高尚品质的歌颂。
下片写由梅而抒情。从月下梅花做梦说起,“月边疏影”二句化用林逋咏梅的名句“疏影横斜”、“月黄昏”来写在月光下,梅影稀疏,凄清无比,如同美人正进入那叫人销魂的梦境一般。“结子欲黄时”四句是写花落结成梅子,将要变黄时,又要下连绵不绝的细雨了。尽管梅不停地遭受雪和雨的摧残,但她依然独立绽放着花朵,清高绝俗,让人产生敬佩之情。结句“消瘦损,东阳也,试问花知否”,词人自比东阳,已经日渐消瘦了,还戏问花儿,尤显得超尘脱俗,潇洒飘逸。
全词以清丽委婉的笔墨,细腻的笔触,咏叹了梅花的清芳做骨,表达了作者对高洁的梅花的赞赏之情,也带有一种期待被人赏识重用的渴望。
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姜夔《
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曹组简介
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曹组,北宋词人。生卒年不详。字元宠。颍昌(今河南许昌)人。一说阳翟(今河南禹县)人。曾官睿思殿应制,因占对才敏,深得宋徽宗宠幸,奉诏作《艮岳百咏》诗。约于徽宗末年去世。存词36首。曹组的词以"侧艳"和"滑稽下俚"著称,在北宋末曾传唱一时,浅薄无聊者纷纷仿效。但在南宋初却受到有识者的批评,甚至鄙弃。一些词描写其羁旅生活,感受真切,境界颇为深远,无论手法、情韵,都与柳永词有继承关系。
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