盐角儿·亳社观梅
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宋代]:晁补之
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开时似雪。谢时似雪。花中奇绝。香非在蕊,香非在萼,骨中香彻。
占溪风,留溪月。堪羞损、山桃如血。直饶更、疏疏淡淡,终有一般情别。
盐角儿·亳社观梅译文及注释
译文
花开的时候象雪,凋谢的时候仍然像雪,在百花之中的确是绝无仅有。散发出来的清香不在花蕊,也不在花萼,而是从骨子里飘荡出来的,清香透彻。
占尽了从小溪吹来的轻风,留住了小溪中的明月,使那红得似血的山桃花也羞惭得减损了自己的容颜。即使仍然花影稀疏清香淡淡,终究另有一种非其他媚俗之花可与之相比的情致。
注释
盐角儿:词牌名。王灼《碧鸡漫志》:“盐角儿,《嘉桔杂志》云:‘梅圣俞说,始教坊家人市盐,于纸角中得一曲谱,翻之,遂以名。’令双调《盐角儿》令是也。欧阳永叔尝制词。’
亳(bó)社:指亳州(今安徽亳县)祭祀土地神的社庙。另义,亳社,即殷社。古时建国必先立社,殷建都亳,故称亳社,故址在今河南商丘。
开时似雪:卢照邻《梅花落》:“雪处疑花满,花边似雪回。"
谢时似雪:杜审言《大酶》:“梅花落处疑残雪,柳叶开时任好风。”
花中奇绝:花中奇物而绝无仅有。
骨中香彻:梅花的香气是从骨子里透出来的。彻,透。宋魏了翁《次韵苏和甫雨后观梅》:“疏影照人骚梦冷,清香彻骨醉痕锁。”
堪羞损、山桃如血:可以使那红得似血的山桃花羞惭而减损自己的容颜。堪,可以,能够。损,煞。很的意思。
直饶更、疏疏淡淡:即使枝叶花朵再疏淡。从然,即使。
终有一般情别:终究另有一种情致(非其他媚俗之花可比)。
参考资料:
1、吕明涛,谷学彝编著 .宋词三百首 .北京 :中华书局 ,2009.7 :第107-108页 .
2、上彊邨民(编) 蔡义江(解) . 宋词三百首全解 .上海 : 复旦大学出版社 ,2008/11/1 :第101页 .
盐角儿·亳社观梅创作背景
这首词作于宋哲宗绍圣二年,作者从齐州知州贬为毫州通判之际,是一首咏物之作。
盐角儿·亳社观梅鉴赏
作者通过对梅花的色、香、形的描写,赞美梅花的骨中香彻与别有情致。
上阙写梅花如雪的颜色与透骨的清香。“开时似雪,谢时似雪,花中奇绝”三句集中笔墨,用重复叠句而略更数字的方法极写梅花颜色的奇绝。突出了梅花颜色的与众不同。“香非在蕊,香非在萼,骨中香彻”三句与前三句运用了相同的表现手法,写出了梅花与众不同的另一个方面——香,告诉人们,梅花的清香不是从花蕊散发出来的,也不是从花萼散发出来的,而是从骨子里透出来的,突出描写了梅花的香彻透骨的特点。与“开时似雪,谢时似雪,花中奇绝”联系起来看,上下两联似对非对,遣词灵动,看似无意,实则工于运笔。
下阙写以山桃作比衬,刻画梅花神韵和品格。“占溪风,留溪月,堪羞损、山桃如血”,运用对比的手法,以山桃花衬托梅花非凡的神韵。梅花非但独占了小溪的轻风和明月,还将那鲜艳无比的红红的山桃花羞怯惭愧得减损了几分颜色,可见梅花的气质和神韵的超凡脱俗。“直饶更、疏疏淡淡,终有一般情别”,写梅花的另一大特点,纵然枝叶花影稀疏,清香淡淡,最终还是别有一番媚俗之花所不能与之媲美的超凡情致,枝疏有疏落横斜篱落之韵,香淡有清香淡雅之美,这便是梅花高洁的品格。
在这首咏梅词中,词人写的是梅花的非凡的神韵和高洁的品格,实际也是自己所向往的人格的写照,词人在梅花的高洁的品格中寄托了自己的志趣和情操。
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晁补之(公元1053年—公元1110年),字无咎,号归来子,汉族,济州巨野(今属山东巨野县)人,北宋时期著名文学家。为“苏门四学士”(另有北宋诗人黄庭坚、秦观、张耒)之一。曾任吏部员外郎、礼部郎中。 工书画,能诗词,善属文。与张耒并称“晁张”。其散文语言凝练、流畅,风格近柳宗元。诗学陶渊明。其词格调豪爽,语言清秀晓畅,近苏轼。但其诗词流露出浓厚的消极归隐思想。著有《鸡肋集》、《晁氏琴趣外篇》等。
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