寒食江州满塘驿
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唐代]：宋之问
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遥怜巩树花应满，复见吴洲草新绿。
驿骑明朝发何处？猿声今夜断君肠。
寒食江州满塘驿鉴赏
这是一首古诗，前四句运用反衬、对比手法，抚今追昔，感慨今日的沧桑，流露出诗人遭贬南行的惆怅落寞情怀。农历三月三日为上巳节，这一天按古风要去水边祓除修禊，驱除鬼魅，同时也是文人聚会吟咏的日子。去年那一日，诗人还在洛水边参予修禊盛事，与同朝文士饮酒赋诗，享尽荣华，而今却已是遭贬谪之人，独自在庐山脚下度过此清明寒食节。“去年”，“今年”，对比鲜明。一年之隔，诗人处境大不相同，诗中虽只字未提遭贬之事，但通过地名“洛桥边”与“庐山曲”的对照，失意之态清晰可见。寒食节正是百草千花的大好时节，眼前又有景色秀丽的庐山，诗人毫无欣赏兴致，反念于“去年”上巳洛桥边修禊事，对京华游乐的追忆和向往，也透露出诗人此时内心的孤独凄切，三四句是想象中的京华与眼前的现实相对照。第三句上承首句而发，巩县在洛水西岸，为洛阳近畿之地，诗人由“去年”的洛桥修禊，联想到“今年”繁华的京洛风物，“去年”底离开洛阳时，还是隆冬时节，此时已是春归大地了，洛阳城内，应是满城飞花、春意盎然了。“遥怜”二字，写诗人身为逐臣，不忍离京却无奈被逐出京，此时身在江州，回望京洛，只能遥遥寄情于花树了。江州古属吴地，故诗中称江中小洲为吴洲，诗人身在江州，回望京华，遥怜洛阳草木花树，但眼中所见，唯江中小洲，一片新绿而已。后四句感物思归而不得，抒发断肠之悲。先重复“吴洲春草”以承上启下，诗人有感于眼前春光，归思更切，“感物思归怀故乡”是诗中的情感主线，“故乡”，即指洛阳，宋之问虽不是洛阳人，但他长期在此生活，感情深厚；同时相对于他即将要去的南方而言，整个北方、整个中原都是他的故乡。结句自我设问，感情痛切哀婉，身为逐臣，想返回京洛是不可能的，明朝骑马上路，只能依然南行，因此夜闻清猿悲啼，更添肠断之痛。
此诗前四句侧重于“感物”，着力渲染满眼春光，逗起今昔之思，以洛水修禊与庐山寒食的对比；后四句侧重于“思归”，直抒满腹乡愁。字里行间流露出对遭贬南行的哀伤，情思深婉含蓄，语言清丽自然，具有较强的艺术感染力。
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上一首：
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杜甫《
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寒食》
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下一首：
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陆游《
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秋夜读书每以二鼓尽为节》
宋之问简介
唐代·宋之问的简介
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宋之问，字延清，一名少连，汉族，汾州（今山西汾阳市）人。一说虢州弘农（今河南灵宝县）人。初唐时期的著名诗人。
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