寒食寄京师诸弟
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唐代]：韦应物
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寒食寄京师诸弟创作背景
这首诗写在唐德宗贞元二年（786年）或三年江州刺史任上。当时诗人遇上了寒食节，孤独思乡之情更甚，于是便即兴写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、陶敏 王友胜 ．韦应物诗选 ：中华书局 ，2005 ：132-133 ．
寒食寄京师诸弟鉴赏
韦应物诗集中收录寄诸弟诗近二十首，可以看出他是一个手足情深的诗人。而正由于出自性情，发自胸臆，所以这首诗虽只是即景拈来，就事写出，却令人感到蕴含深厚，情意悠长。
就章法而言，这首诗看似平铺直叙，顺笔写来，而针线极其绵密。诗的首句从近处着笔，实写客中寒食的景色；末句从远方落想，遥念故园寒食的景色。这一起一收，首尾呼应，紧扣诗题。中间两句，一句暗示独坐异乡，一句明写想念诸弟，上下绾合，承接自然。两句中，一个“独”字、一个“想”字，对全篇有穿针引线的妙用。第二句的“独”字，既是上句“空”字的延伸，又是下句“想”字的伏笔；而第三句的“想”字，既由上句“独”字生发，又统辖下句，直贯到篇末，说明杜陵青草之思是由人及物，由想诸弟而联想及之。从整首诗看，它是句句相承，暗中钩连，一气流转，浑然成章的。
当然，宾虽然不能无主，而主也不能无宾。这首诗的第三句又有赖于上两句和下一句的烘托。这首诗的一、二两句，看来不过如实写出身边景、眼前事，但也含有许多层次和曲折。第一句所写景象，寒食禁火，万户无烟，本来已经够萧索的了，更逢阴雨，又在空斋，再加气候与心情的双重清冷，这样一层加一层地写足了环境气氛。第二句同样有多层意思，“江上”是一层，“流莺”是一层，“坐听”是一层，而“独坐”又是一层。这句，本是随换句而换景，既对春江，又听流莺，一变上句所写的萧索景象，但在本句中却用一个“独”字又折转回来，在多层次中更显示了曲折。两句合起来，对第三句中表达的“想诸弟”之情起了层层烘染、反复衬托的作用。至于紧接在第三句后的结尾一句，把诗笔宕开，寄想象于故园的寒食景色，就更收烘托之妙，进一步托出了“想诸弟”之情，使人更感到情深意远。
这首诗，运笔空灵，妙有含蓄，而主要得力于结尾一句。这个结句，就本句说是景中见情，就全篇说是以景结情，收到藏深情于行间、见风韵于篇外的艺术效果。它与王维《山中送别》诗“春草明年绿，王孙归不归”句，都取意于《楚辞。招隐士》“王孙游兮不归，春草生兮萋萋”。但王维句是明写，语意实；这一句是暗点，更显得蕴藉有味。它既透露了诗人的归思，也表达了对诸弟、对故园的怀念。这里，人与地的双重怀念是交相触发、融合为一的。
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上一首：
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杜甫《
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小寒食舟中作》
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沈佺期《
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寒食》
韦应物简介
唐代·韦应物的简介
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韦应物（737～792），中国唐代诗人。汉族，长安(今陕西西安)人。今传有10卷本《韦江州集》、两卷本《韦苏州诗集》、10卷本《韦苏州集》。散文仅存一篇。因出任过苏州刺史，世称“韦苏州”。诗风恬淡高远，以善于写景和描写隐逸生活著称。
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