三善殿夜望山灯诗
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南北朝]：江总
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百花疑吐夜，四照似含春。
的的连星出，亭亭向月新。
采珠非合浦，赠佩异江滨。
若任扶桑路，堪言并日轮。
三善殿夜望山灯诗鉴赏
咏物诗在中国起源甚早。从现存作品来看，《诗经》中的《鸱鸮》，《楚辞》中的《桔颂》已肇其端。魏晋以后，作者渐众，作品渐多，如张协、谢灵运、颜延之、鲍照、何逊等，都有“尚巧似”或“形似”的特色，所以刘勰在《文心雕龙·物色》中总结道：“自近代以来，文贵形似。……体物为妙，功在密附。故巧言切状，如印之印泥，不加雕削，而曲写毫芥。”但这首诗咏山寺夜灯却基本上是出之以虚笔。首联言山灯明亮，照彻天地，如百花怒放，就像春天突然来到了人间。夜晚的冷寂，本不足比为春，今有灯火，不仅形象如花，亦为环境增添了暖色，所以这个比喻可以成立。这使世人想起了岑参著名的《白雪歌送武判官归京》中的诗句：“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树银花开。”比体和喻体之间反差也很大，这种相似或许不是偶然的。三、四两句是最实的一联，但写佛灯之盛、之亮，仍运用了夸张的手法。五、六两句宕开一笔，调动神话传说，一方面渲染佛灯的不同寻常，另一方面，也暗示了佛灯的神奇。至结尾处，诗人突发奇想，认为佛灯“若任扶桑路，堪言并日轮”，这固然是点出了某种喻意，但从自然现象来说，也是由黑夜到白天的一个自然的流程，从而使得通篇前后一体，非常圆融。
诗人把黑暗的大千世界变为朗朗白昼，实则暗示佛教是人们心中的一盏明灯，但这层意思完全融于诗化的语言之中，毫无枯涩之感，这反映了作者高超的艺术表现力。
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刘禹锡《
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杨柳枝词九首》
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王守仁《
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稽山书院尊经阁记》
江总简介
唐代·江总的简介
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江总（519～594）著名南朝陈大臣、文学家。字总持，祖籍济阳考城（今河南兰考）。出身高门，幼聪敏，有文才。年十八，为宣惠武陵王府法曹参军，迁尚书殿中郎。所作诗篇深受梁武帝赏识，官至太常卿。张缵、王筠、刘之遴，乃一时高才学士，皆对江总雅相推重，与之为忘年友。侯景之乱后，避难会稽，流寓岭南，至陈文帝天嘉四年（563）才被征召回建康，任中书侍郎。陈后主时，官至尚书令，故世称“江令”。任上“总当权宰，不持政务，但日与后主游宴后庭”，“由是国政日颓，纲纪不立”（《陈书·江总传》）。隋文帝开皇九年(589)灭陈，江总入隋为上开府，后放回江南，去世于江都（今江苏扬州）。
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