穆陵关北逢人归渔阳
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唐代]：刘长卿
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逢君穆陵路，匹马向桑乾。
楚国苍山古，幽州白日寒。
城池百战后，耆旧几家残。
处处蓬蒿遍，归人掩泪看。
穆陵关北逢人归渔阳译文及注释
译文
与你相逢在穆陵关的路上，你只身匹马就要返回桑乾。
楚国的青山依然苍翠古老，幽州的太阳发出阵阵凄寒。
城里经历上百次战乱之后，还有几家老人在世上保全。
到处是残垣断壁蓬蒿遍野，你定会流着眼泪边走边看。
注释
穆陵关：古关隘名，又名木陵关，在今湖北麻城北。渔阳：唐代郡名，郡治在今天津市蓟县，当时属范阳节度使管辖。
穆陵：指穆陵关。
桑乾：河名。今永定河之上游。源出山西，流经河北，相传每年桑椹成熟时河水干涸，故名。唐李白《战城南》诗：“去年战，桑乾源，今年战，葱河道。”这里指行客家在渔阳。
楚国：指穆陵关所在地区，并用以概指江南。穆陵关本是吴地，春秋后属楚。苍山：青山。
幽州：即渔阳，也用以概指北方。幽州原是汉武帝所置十三部刺史之一。今北京一带。唐时渔阳、桑乾都属幽州。
百战：多次作战。这里指安史之乱。
耆（qí）旧：年高望重者。此指经历兵乱的老人。
蓬蒿（hāo）：蓬草和蒿草。亦泛指草丛；草莽。
归人：归来的人。此指北返渔阳的行客。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：232-233
穆陵关北逢人归渔阳创作背景
唐代宗大历五、六年（770—771）间，刘长卿曾任转运使判官、淮西鄂岳转运留后等职，活动于湖南、湖北。诗当作于此时。此时安史之乱虽已平定，百姓民不聊生。诗人对此深为忧虑。因此当他在今湖北麻城北面的穆陵关，路遇一位急切北返渔阳（治今天津蓟县）的行客，不禁悲慨万分地将满腹忧虑倾诉于这位归乡客。
参考资料：
1、倪其心 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：408-409
穆陵关北逢人归渔阳鉴赏
此诗首联写相逢地点和行客去向。“诗人见归乡客单身匹马北去，就料想他流落江南已久，急切盼望早日回家和亲人团聚。次联借山水时令，含蓄深沉地指出南北形势，暗示他此行前景，为国家忧伤，替行客担心。
“苍山古”是即目，“白日寒”是遥想，两两相对，寄慨深长。“幽州白日寒”，不仅说北方气候寒冷，更暗示北方人民的悲惨处境。这二句，诗人运用比兴手法，含蕴丰富，有意会不尽之效。接着，诗人又用赋笔作直接描写。经过长期战乱，到处是废墟，长满荒草，使回乡的人悲伤流泪，不忍目睹。三、四联的描述，充实了次联的兴寄，以诫北归行客，更令人深思。
这是一篇痛心的宽慰语，恳切的开导话，寄托着诗人忧国忧民的无限感慨。手法以赋为主而兼用比兴，语言朴实而饱含感情。尤其是第二联：“楚国苍山古，幽州白日寒”，不唯形象鲜明，语言精炼，概括性强，而且承上启下，扩大境界，加深诗意，是全篇的关键和警策，是全篇的主线。它具有不语而悲的效果。也许正由于此，它才成为千古流传的名句。
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陶渊明《
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拟古九首》
刘长卿简介
唐代·刘长卿的简介
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刘长卿(约726 — 约786)，字文房，汉族，宣城（今属安徽）人，唐代诗人。后迁居洛阳，河间（今属河北）为其郡望。玄宗天宝年间进士。肃宗至德中官监察御史，后为长洲县尉，因事下狱，贬南巴尉。代宗大历中任转运使判官，知淮西、鄂岳转运留后，又被诬再贬睦州司马。德宗建中年间，官终随州刺史，世称刘随州。
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