鹧鸪天·上元启醮
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宋代]：张孝祥
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子夜封章扣紫清。五霞光里佩环声。驿传风火龙鸾舞，步入烟霄孔翠迎。
瑶简重，羽衣轻。金童双引到通明。三湘五管同民乐，万岁千秋与帝龄。
鹧鸪天·上元启醮鉴赏
张孝祥自进士及第之日起即满怀激情关注国事，及至乾道五年（1169）去世之前的六年中，原有的政治热情虽然基本丧失，却也时不时有所流露。通过此词开头两句就可以看出，词人设醮祈福消灾，“祝南山”亦“瞻北阙”（张孝祥另一首《鹧鸪天·上元启醮》句），企盼着夜深还叩击宫门，再议抗战事，共进平戎计。“子夜”，夜半子时。“封章”，言机密事之章奏皆用皂囊重封以进，故名封章，亦称封事。“紫清”，原意天上，谓神仙居所，这里指翰林院，以翰林乃清贵之职，故称。“五霞”，道家称黄天、苍天、青天并皆空虚，有自然五霞。“佩环”，玉佩，一般情况下指女子，这里形容诗文韵调铿锵，亦即抗战、平戎之策论激昂宏畅。由于词人深受老庄避世思想和道教游仙之说影响，以儒家为主导的精神世界越来越神秘化和淡化了，所以，这首词不再有“高论逼河汉”的气势，只有“清诗鸣佩环”的飘逸。
上片三、四句同前两句一样，仍然是一种企盼。“驿传”，传舍、驿站，历代封建政府供官员往来和递送公文用的交通机构。“风火”，紧急，代指前线。“龙鸾”，龙与凤，常常比喻贤士或华美文章，这里喻作前线的捷报。“烟霄”，显赫处。“孔翠”，孔雀和翠鸟，以喻精华，这里则喻作隆重的礼仪接引。这两句对仗工整，轻快流畅，更以其飘逸表达了词人对收复失地的企盼。
过片“瑶简”句进一步将上元设醮推向新的企盼。“瑶简”，即玉简，玉质的简札或手版，一指道家的符箓，一指帝王封禅、诏诰用的文书。“羽衣”，以羽毛织成的衣服，常称道士或神仙所著衣为羽衣。“金童”，仙人的侍童。“双引”，分列两旁导引。唐制谓宰相入朝须举双烛引路，余官各一，故称；宋制谓学士以上有朱衣吏一人引马，至入两府则朱衣二人引马，故称。“通明”，开通而贤明，代指君主，这里是指君主宫邸。从这几句又可看出，词人尽管深受避世思想和游仙之说影响，却仍然念念不忘朝见君主以陈其所见。诚然，通明之己见当陈通明之君主，该词写到这里，其企盼可谓透彻通明之极。
最后一联作为全词结语，既是贺词，更是企盼，论时知心，披文入情。“三湘”，湖南湘乡、湘潭、湘阴（或湘源）合称三湘。古诗文中三湘多泛指湘江流域及洞庭湖地区。“五管”，一作“五筦”，指今岭南地区，古以广、桂、容、邕、安南府皆隶广府都督统摄，谓之五府节度使，名岭南五管。词人曾在这些地方为官。上联写的是为官心得，为官一任，当造福四方，与民同乐。
张孝祥诗词作品皆能于写景叙事之中，流露出对国家命运和人民生活的深切关怀，此设醮祈祷一词也不例外。谢尧仁称赞他的文章“如大海之起涛澜，泰山之腾云气，倏散倏聚，倏明倏暗，虽千变万化，未易诘其端而寻其所穷。”（《张于湖先生集序》）
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韦庄《
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忆昔》
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曹植《
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蝉赋》
张孝祥简介
唐代·张孝祥的简介
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张孝祥（1132年－1169年），字安国，号于湖居士，汉族，简州（今属四川）人，生于明州鄞县。宋朝词人。著有《于湖集》40卷、《于湖词》1卷。其才思敏捷，词豪放爽朗，风格与苏轼相近，孝祥“尝慕东坡，每作为诗文，必问门人曰：‘比东坡如何？’”
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皇甫汸
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王风寖失古，颓波荡自今。李生陈大雅，刘子抱文心。
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空碧升团月，江郊弄夕霏。
生涯今始是，年事古犹稀。
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明代：
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