山坡羊·北邙山怀古
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元代]：张养浩
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悲风成阵，荒烟埋恨，碑铭残缺应难认。知他是汉朝君，晋朝臣？
把风云庆会消磨尽，都做北邙山下尘。便是君，也唤不应；便是臣，也唤不应！
山坡羊·北邙山怀古创作背景
诗人在人生的最后时刻，回顾了历史上历朝历代的兴衰交替，伴随着各个王朝的兴亡交替，是无休无止的破坏，无数的物质文明和精神财富都化为灰烬，今天的赢家把输家的一切付之一炬，那么谁能保证他不是明天的输家呢？如此看来。这输输赢赢又有什么意义呢？
参考资料：
1、钱海水等 ．《唐诗宋词鉴赏辞典》 ：上海文学出版社 ，2010 ．
山坡羊·北邙山怀古鉴赏
起首便渲染出凄怆悲凉的气氛。这些埋葬在北邙山上的君臣们，生前把荣华富贵、风云庆会享受个够，然而，死后也不过是北邙山下的一抔土。是人，便不免一死，而一旦死去，便万事皆休。那么，生前的尊贵与否，死后的衰荣如何，又有什么意义呢？结句的"便是君，也唤不应；便是臣，也唤不应"，语气冷隽悲凉，表现了作者对人生的深刻感悟。张养浩的怀古组曲，站在对人生的深刻透视、对历史的大彻大悟的高度，高屋建瓴，视野开阔，气势苍莽雄浑，感慨深沉悲壮，风格质朴古拙，展示了一个政治家的胸怀与气魄。
前两句所言情景，与史书本传所载的"遇饿者则赈之，死者则葬之"是完全吻合的。为百姓如此鞠躬尽瘁，赢得"满城都道好官人"的赞誉，而诗人本人却认为，为百姓应该更加尽心尽职。南吕·一枝花中的一首表达了这种心情：恨不得把野草翻腾做菽粟，澄河沙都变化做金珠，直使千门万户家豪富，我也不枉了受天禄。眼觑着灾伤教我没是处，只落得雪满头颅。
面对着众多的灾民，严重的旱情，政府的赈粮如杯水车薪，无济于事。虽然他个人曾上奏天子，请行纳粟补官之令，并带头拿出自己的财物作为救济之用，但严重的灾情又不是个人区区之力所能回转的。在心焚如火的情况下，不免产生了"把野草翻腾做菽粟，澄河沙都变化做金珠"的幻想。《元史》本传载，张养浩"到官四月，未尝家居，止宿公署，夜则祷于天，昼则出赈饥民，终日无少怠。每一念至，即抚膺痛苦，遂得疾不起，卒年六十。关中之人，哀之如失父母。"张养浩最终以自己的生命，谱写了一曲为国为民的绝唱。
张养浩曲子总的是立意高远，感情深厚，气势雄浑，结构严谨。在这总的特色之下，每一类曲子又自有特色。写景曲轻快自然，飘逸闲适如行云流水；怀古之作境界阔大，沉郁雄浑，能够高度地概括出历史发展的必然规律；写官场仕途之作深刻悲怆，揭示出官场的本质和为官的岌岌可危；反映百姓疾苦的作品深远而感伤，将作者的一颗赤子之心捧献在读者面前。
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赵善庆《
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山坡羊·长安怀古》
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张可久《
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湘妃怨·次韵金陵怀古》
张养浩简介
唐代·张养浩的简介
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张养浩（1269—1329年），汉族，字希孟，号云庄，山东济南人，元代著名散曲家。诗、文兼擅，而以散曲著称。代表作有《山坡羊·潼关怀古》等。
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