山坡羊·洛阳怀古
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元代]：张养浩
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天津桥上，凭栏遥望，春陵王气都凋丧；树苍苍，水茫茫，云台不见中兴将。千古转头归灭亡。功，也不久长，名，也不久长。
山坡羊·洛阳怀古鉴赏
洛阳是一座有名的历史古城，东周、东汉、曹魏、西晋、隋炀帝、武则天等先后以此为都，宋以前的许多王朝也曾以此为陪都，在中国古代历史上，占有重要的地位。
《山坡羊·洛阳怀古》的前六句，写作者在九朝古都洛阳的天津桥上依栏远望，追念曾经叱咤风云、建立东汉王朝的刘秀以及他的功臣们，流露出一种低沉哀惋的调子。天津桥，故址在今洛阳旧城西南，隋唐皇城正南洛水上。它建于隋大业年间，用铁锁连结大船，南北夹路对起四楼。隋末焚毁，唐宋屡次改建加固。它曾是洛阳的一个繁华的名胜之地。作者来到天津桥上，俯视桥下，洛水滚滚不息地向东流淌着，抬头远望，春陵的王气已丧失不见。“春陵王气”是关于刘秀的历史典故。《后汉书·光武帝纪论》载：“后望气者苏伯阿为王莽使至南阳，遥望见春陵郭，唶曰：‘气佳哉！郁郁葱葱然！’”春陵，是个县名，当时属南阳，故址在今湖北枣阳县。汉光武帝祖父春陵侯刘仁曾迁封于此，故名。望气，是古代方士的一种占侯术，认为望云气可以预知祸福吉凶。这是靠不住的骗人把戏。苏伯阿望见的春陵的“佳”气，“郁郁葱葱”，按照方士的说法，即是一种王者之气，预示此地将会出现天子。后来，果然出现了汉光武帝刘秀。现在作者在洛阳的天津桥上，已不见春陵之王气了，这地方恐怕再也出现不了刘秀那样的人物。而帮助刘秀建立东汉王朝的那些文臣武将们，如邓禹、马武等，也早已成为古人，就连明帝刘庄在永平年间为感念这些前世功臣，而在南宫云台中绘制的二十八将的图象，也早已塌圮不存了。眼前看见的只有苍茂的树木和茫茫流动的河水。面对这种情景，作者发出了深沉的感慨：“千古转头归灭亡”。自古以来，那些帝王将相，英雄豪杰，当时自是叱咤风云，在现实生活的舞台上演出了轰轰烈烈的活剧，但弹指一顾之间，就归于灭亡，成为历史的过去。由此，作者认为“功”也罢，“名”也罢，都是短暂的，不会长久的保持着的。
总括看来，作者在曲子之中流露出的情绪是低沉的，几乎近似消极；而结合元代社会现实来看，元代统治阶级残酷暴虐，社会统治黑暗腐朽，张养浩曾因直言政事，而被贬官，被废弃，这次虽被起用，但后果怎样，他无法预料。因此，他在曲中流露出了低沉的、伤感的情绪。
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张可久《
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湘妃怨·次韵金陵怀古》
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梁栋《
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四禽言》
张养浩简介
唐代·张养浩的简介
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张养浩（1269—1329年），汉族，字希孟，号云庄，山东济南人，元代著名散曲家。诗、文兼擅，而以散曲著称。代表作有《山坡羊·潼关怀古》等。
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小斋新创得新名，大笔标题字势轻。
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落日秋江清，潮寒散空碧。江水去悠悠，此夕孤舟客。
遥遥湖上山，粼粼沙中石。余霞敛复晴，昏烟淡将夕。
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白马金羁气浩然，客衣前日别幽燕。摇摇易水秋风外，窅窅瀛洲夕照边。
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沈佺期
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弱冠相知早，中年不见多。生涯在王事，客鬓各蹉跎。
良守初分岳，嘉声即润河。还从汉阙下，倾耳听中和。