山坡羊·未央怀古
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元代]：张养浩
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三杰当日，俱曾此地，殷勤纳谏论兴废。见遗基，怎不伤悲！山河犹带英雄气，试上最高处闲坐地。东，也在图画里；西，也在图画里。
山坡羊·未央怀古译文及注释
译文
当年汉室三杰，都曾在这里聚会，汉朝建立后，他们还经常向刘邦诚挚地进谏，谈论历朝历代的交替兴废。一千多年过去了，如今看到他们当年的遗迹，往事涌上心头，怎不令人无限伤悲！人事沧桑不断，而这里的山河还到处诱发着他们当年的英雄气概，“鸟尽弓藏”令人悲！登上这未央宫遗址的最高处，坐地观看：东面，也是如画的河山；西面，也是如画的河山。可是，有谁能保有这壮丽的河山永在！
注释
未央：汉朝宫殿名。故址在今陕西西安。
三杰：指汉代张良、萧何、韩信三人，他们帮助刘邦统一中国。
纳谏：古代君主采纳臣下的进谏。
遗基：指残留的未央宫废墟。
闲坐地：闲坐着。
参考资料：
1、宛新彬评注 ．山坡羊·未央怀古 ：安徽文艺出版社 ，2012.06 ：第71页 ．
山坡羊·未央怀古创作背景
该曲子大约是张养浩于公元1329年（元文宗天历二年）在陕西救灾期间所写。
参考资料：
1、黄梅，肖妍，暴希明编著 ．元曲精华评析 ：解放军出版社 ，2007.01 ：第146页 ．
山坡羊·未央怀古鉴赏
作者来到未央宫殿的遗址，登上那高大的土台基，思接千载，自然想到了这座宏伟宫殿的营造者，那些辅佐汉高祖刘邦创建大汉帝国江山的开国元勋们，尤其是被刘邦称为“人杰”的张良、萧何、韩信，即世称之为“三杰”者。此三人，或“运筹策帷幄之中，决胜于千里之外”，或“镇国家抚百姓给馈让不绝于粮道”，或“连百万之军，战必胜，攻必取”，为汉王朝的建立，作出了极其重大的贡献，被封公封侯。反思自己，宦途坎坷，如今“白发满头新”（[中吕]《喜春来》）而壮志未酬；张良和韩信，为刘邦开创天下，尽心竭力，建立殊勋，然而当刘邦坐稳皇帝之后，前者被迫急流勇退，后者被杀害于长乐宫钟室之中。想到自己“中年才过便休官”（[双调]《水仙子》），又曾因上疏谏内廷元夕张灯事被迫弃官归去，如今虽接受朝廷任命，在关中救灾，但以后的情况又会如何，追忆历史，凭吊古人，想及现实，感念自身，让他“见遗基，怎不伤悲”，写得言真理至，水到渠成，深沉而自然。
下面“山河犹带英雄气，试上最高处闲坐地”二句，应颠倒一下先后次序去理解。作者登上未央宫遗址那高大的土台基之上，举目四望，心胸顿时为之开扩，刚才那种略带伤感的意绪倏然逝去。关中真乃帝王之乡，金城千里，三杰的英名和事业，好象使壮美的山河更增添了绚丽的色彩。向东望去，美丽的山川如在图画之中，向西望去，美丽的山川也如在图画当中，祖国的美丽山河，使诗人心中发出由衷的赞叹。在这里，作者仰慕三杰的英气长存，为河山生色，也就是仰慕三个人物的壮志与功业，这种仰慕之中自然也就透露出作者想建功立业、有所作为的雄心壮志。结合作者在关中救灾时的勤政爱民诸事来看，这样的理解就更有根据了。
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孙光宪《
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公安县怀古》
张养浩简介
唐代·张养浩的简介
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张养浩（1269—1329年），汉族，字希孟，号云庄，山东济南人，元代著名散曲家。诗、文兼擅，而以散曲著称。代表作有《山坡羊·潼关怀古》等。
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