人月圆·吴门怀古
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元代]：张可久
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山藏白虎云藏寺，池上老梅枝。洞庭归兴，香柑红树，鲈鲙银丝。
白家池馆，吴宫花草，可似当时。最怜人处，啼乌夜月，犹怨西施。
人月圆·吴门怀古译文及注释
译文
相传这座高山因隐藏一只白虎而得名，虎丘寺淹没在这高山密林之中。池水旁和山崖上长满了桠权苍老的梅树。望着眼前虎丘山的美景，不禁想起了当年范蠡功成归隐泛舟太湖之行；仿佛看到了陆续怀揣红桔从枫林归来赠母的情景；似乎听到了张翰不图名爵而起驾回乡欲吃鲈鱼细丝的命令。
伴着思绪观赏着美景，又仿佛出现在白居易的池馆前、吴王的姑苏台边，似乎听到东坡仍在长吟虎丘美景。就在这美妙的遐思中，耳畔又仿佛传来了乌鸦在月夜中的哀鸣，这声声凄惨的啼叫，莫不是西施发出的亡吴之恨的哀声。
注释
吴门：指苏州。
山：指虎丘山，苏州城西北七里。
池：指剑池。
洞庭归兴：借用范蠡功成隐退之典，后人常用此事称道鄙薄名利的品格。洞庭：指苏州西南太湖中的洞庭山。
香柑红树：作者由四时果鲜的太湖洞庭而想到尤为出名的洞庭红橘，又由红橘追忆了三国时陆绩怀橘归遗其母的典故。香柑：橘子，洞庭山的名产。
鲈（lú）鲙（kuài）银丝：用晋人张翰之典。鲈鲙：苏州名菜，把鲈鱼切成片生吃。
白家：指白居易。他在唐敬宗宝历元年（825）曾任苏州刺史，历时一年多。
吴宫：指吴王夫差为西施扩建的宫殿，叫馆娃宫。
怜人：令人可怜。
参考资料：
1、王月馥，周更文．古典诗词曲阅读与鉴赏：内蒙古文化出版社，2001.12：336-337
2、黄克，颜长珂，刘祯．元曲精选：中国国际广播出版社，1995.09：490
人月圆·吴门怀古创作背景
吴门，苏州的别名，是一座历史名城。它吸引着历代的文人骚客到这里游览观光，留下了许多名篇佳什。张可久曾多次畅游苏州，并以散曲写景抒怀，该曲就是他游览苏州时所写下的。
参考资料：
1、刘文忠，李永昶．元明散曲选讲：中国少年儿童出版社，1990.11：121-122
人月圆·吴门怀古鉴赏
该曲开头的“山藏白虎”是指苏州西北的虎丘。相传吴王阖闾死后就葬在这里，三日后，“白虎蹲踞其上，故名虎丘”。以虎丘为题材的作品，往往发思古之幽情，写兴亡之感叹。“云藏寺”说的是虎丘山寺的风光。苏轼曾在此写过一篇《虎丘诗》：“东轩有佳致，云水丽千顷”，梵宇入云、宝塔耸霄的虎丘寺被“千顷”云涛所遮掩。青山葱郁，白云缭绕，金寺若现，就在读者沉浸在阆苑仙葩的虎丘山景之中时，作者把镜头拉近，描绘“池上老梅”。这里的池是虎丘山下的剑池。池边飞岩如削的崖壁上斜伸着几株槎枒苍老的梅树，与上句结合起来，远近相辅，高低错落，虚实交映，尽显笔致的空灵。
“洞庭归兴”由景人情，引发作者联想。“洞庭归兴”借用范蠡功成隐退之典。后人常用此事称道鄙薄名利的品格。“香柑红树”一句，作者由四时果鲜的太湖洞庭而想到尤为出名的洞庭红橘，又由红橘追忆了三国时陆绩怀橘归遗其母的典故。“鲈鲙银丝”用晋人张翰之典。作者连用三个典故，不仅切合怀古之题，也表达了一生沉抑下僚、偃蹇仕途的作者终于勘破世情的顿悟：一切功名富贵，荣辱兴亡只不过是过眼云烟，故应尽快知机隐退，远祸全身。
“自家池馆”写的是白居易任苏州刺史时来虎丘游玩的遗迹。“吴王花草”化用李白《登金陵凤凰台》中的诗句“吴宫花草埋幽径”。吴宫相传为阖闾、夫差所建，多有奇花异草，吴亡之后被焚烧。这里有吊古伤怀之意。“长似坡诗”是前面两句的归旨，说的是虎丘仍然像当年苏东坡《虎丘寺》中描写得那么美好，但已物是人非，曾在这里留
下足迹的人却福祸无常，最终都流散在沧桑的历史长河之中，只剩下虎丘的美景告诫着世人历史兴亡之感和人世幻灭之伤。
作者承“吴王花草”而下，进一步感慨兴亡。西施以美色诱惑吴王，最终导致吴国灭亡。而今这冷清的月夜里，凄厉的乌啼还在诉说着荒淫误国之恨。这种凄凉的意境更深化了“可人怜处”的兴亡之感。
该首小令由景人情，抒发怀古伤今之叹。作者还工于用典，几乎做到“无一字无来历”，正如明王骥德所说“曲之佳处，不在用事，亦不在不用事”，而在于是否“引得的确，用的恰好”（《曲律·论用事》）。作者虽然在曲中频繁用典，也化用了许多人的诗句，但却结合了作者的领悟和构思，创造出新的意境，堪称张小山怀古小令中的佳品。
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李白《
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苏台览古》
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卢挚《
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蟾宫曲·长沙怀古》
张可久简介
唐代·张可久的简介
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张可久（约1270～1348以后）字小山（一说名伯远，字可久，号小山）（《尧山堂外纪》）；一说名张可久肖像（林晋生作）可久，字伯远，号小山（《词综》）；又一说字仲远，号小山（《四库全书总目提要》），庆元（治所在今浙江宁波鄞县）人，元朝重要散曲家，剧作家，与乔吉并称“双壁”，与张养浩合为“二张”。
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多事角蹄占白黑，罪言肘手诉朱殷。拚将髀肉填鞍债，耐看朝回马上山。