西江月·八十一年住世
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宋代]：北宋·蔡京
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八十一年往事，四千里外无家。
如今流落向天涯。
梦到瑶池阙下。
玉殿五回命相，彤庭几度宣麻。
止因贪此恋荣华。
便有如今事也。
西江月·八十一年住世鉴赏
蔡京是北宋末年臭名昭著的大奸臣。他投机官场，排除异己，极尽奉承拍马之能事。以他为首的群奸怂恿宋徽宗穷奢极欲，挥霍无度，致使国库空虚、民生凋敝，从而使金兵南侵屡屡得手，导致北宋灭亡。但是，蔡京却又是北宋杰出的书法家，他主编汇刻丛帖《大观帖》，为保存中国历代书法珍品作出了不可磨灭的贡献。值得一提的是，他利用职权及自己的影响，促使木兰陂工程的成功建造，也算是为他的家乡办了一件大好事。
1125年（宣和七年）冬，金兵大举南侵，宋徽宗在金兵逼近开封时，匆匆忙忙把帝位让给宋钦宗，带着蔡京等一帮宠臣南逃。开封的太学生陈东等人联名上书给钦宗，要求严惩以蔡京为首的“北宋六贼”。宋钦宗迫于情势，下令把蔡京流放到海南岛。蔡京在流放途中死于潭州（湖南长沙）。
这首小令虽然只有八句，思想内容却很丰富，既有作者对现实的艰难处境的展示，也有对往昔的怀恋乃至炫耀，还反省了自己落败的原因。
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杜甫《
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遣兴》
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辛弃疾《
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浪淘沙·山寺夜半闻钟》
北宋·蔡京简介
唐代·北宋·蔡京的简介
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蔡京（1047年2月14日－1126年8月11日），字元长，北宋权相之一、书法家。北宋兴化军仙游县慈孝里赤岭（今福建省莆田市仙游县枫亭镇东宅村）人。熙宁三年进士及第，先为地方官，后任中书舍人，改龙图阁待制、知开封府。崇宁元年（1102年），为右仆射兼门下侍郎（右相），后又官至太师。蔡京先后四次任相，共达十七年之久，四起四落堪称古今第一人。蔡京兴花石纲之役；改盐法和茶法，铸当十大钱。北宋末，太学生陈东上书，称蔡京为“六贼之首”。宋钦宗即位后，蔡京被贬岭南，途中死于潭州（今湖南长沙）。《东都事略》卷一〇一、《宋史》卷四七二有传。
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