宣城见杜鹃花
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唐代]：李白
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宣城见杜鹃花译文及注释
译文
在遥远的故乡，曾听过子规鸟凄恻的鸣啼；如今在异乡宣城，又看到盛开的杜鹃花。
子规鸣叫悲啭，使人愁肠寸断。暮春三月，这鸟鸣花开的时节，游子正思念他的故乡三巴。
注释
宣城：今属安徽。
蜀国：指四川。
子规鸟：又名杜鹃，因鸣声凄厉，动人乡思，故俗称断肠鸟，蜀地最多；传说是古蜀王杜宇死后所化。
杜鹃花：即映山红，每年春末盛开，正是杜鹃鸟啼之时，故名杜鹃花。
三春：指春季。三巴：巴郡、巴东、巴西三郡，即指蜀国，今四川。
宣城见杜鹃花创作背景
关于此诗的创作时间，主要有两种说法。根据裴斐《李白年谱简编》，此诗作于唐玄宗天宝十四载（755年）春，时李白在宣城郡。另一种说法以薛天纬为代表，他认为此诗作于李白流放遇赦归来之后，写这首诗的时候，李白已是迟暮之年。
参考资料：
1、裴 斐．李白诗歌赏析集．成都：巴蜀书社，1988：214-215
2、薛天纬 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：168-169
宣城见杜鹃花鉴赏
此诗是感物而起兴的。“蜀国曾闻子规鸟，宣城还见杜鹃花。”暮春三月，寄寓在宣城的李白，觉得昏花的老眼中忽然映入一片红色，仔细瞧，原来是杜鹃花开了。这杜鹃好像就是故乡的花。诗人的乡思因此被触动了。
在蜀中，每逢杜鹃花开的时候，子规鸟就开始啼鸣了。子规鸟，又名杜鹃，花与鸟的名字相同，也是勾起诗人联想的一个原因。这鸟，相传是古蜀帝杜宇的精魂化成。杜宇号称望帝，他自以为德薄，于是禅让了帝位而出亡，死后化为杜鹃鸟。暮春时节，它就悲鸣起来，鸣声仿佛是呼叫着：“不如归去！不如归去！”昼夜不止，一直啼叫得嘴边淌出血来。此刻，诗人耳边似乎响起了子规鸟的蹄叫声，一声声地呼唤他归去。
诗的一、二句，形成自然的对仗，从地理和时间两个方面的对比和联结中，真实地再现了触动乡思的过程。这两句的语序倒置：本来是先看见宣城的杜鹃花，才联想到蜀国的子规鸟，诗人却将它倒了过来，先写回忆中的虚景，后写眼前的实景。这样，就把故国之思放在了突出的位置上，表明这故国之思原本就郁积于心，此时一旦勾起，大为凄苦强烈。然而，被乡思苦苦折磨着的诗人，眼下不能回到故乡去。青年时代，他“仗剑去国，辞亲远游”，要到故乡之外的广阔天地中去实现宏伟抱负。本想功成名退再荣归故里。不料功业无成，老来竟落到这步田地，他觉得没有面目见蜀中父老。何况，李白眼下困居宣城，拖着老迈的病体，也无法踏上旅途。飘泊终生的诗人，到头来不但政治与事业上没有归宿，就连此身也无所寄托，遥望着千里之外的故乡，他心中的悲戚可想而知。
三、四句，分别承接一、二句，进一步渲染浓重的乡思。首句说“曾闻”，第三句则强调了真切如闻：子规鸟的俗名，就叫断肠鸟，“一叫一回肠一断”，它啼叫起来，没完没了，诗人的愁肠也断成一寸寸了。末句点明时令，用“三春三月”四字，补叙第二句；“忆三巴”三字，则突现了思乡的主题，把杜鹃花开、子规悲啼和诗人的断肠之痛融于一体，以一片苍茫无涯的愁思将全诗笼罩了起来。诗的三、四句看似对仗，其实对得又不甚工。诗句把“一”“三”两个字各自串连起来，纡结萦回，使人感到乡思袭来时无比的悲切伤痛。
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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