悼亡诗三首
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]：潘安
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荏苒冬春谢，寒暑忽流易。
私怀谁克从，淹留亦何益。
僶俛恭朝命，回心反初役。
帏屏无髣髴，翰墨有馀迹。
怅恍如或存，回惶忡惊惕。
如彼翰林鸟，双栖一朝只。
如彼游川鱼，比目中路析。
春风缘隙来，晨霤承檐滴。
寝息何时忘，沉忧日盈积。
庶几有时衰，庄缶犹可击。
清商应秋至，溽暑随节阑。
凛凛凉风升，始觉夏衾单。
岂曰无重纩，谁与同岁寒。
展转盻枕席，长簟竟床空。
独无李氏灵，髣髴覩尔容。
抚衿长叹息，不觉涕沾胸。
沾胸安能已，悲怀从中起。
上惭东门吴，下愧蒙庄子。
赋诗欲言志，此志难具纪。
命也可奈何，长戚自令鄙。
曜灵运天机，四节代迁逝。
凄凄朝露凝，烈烈夕风厉。
奈何悼淑俪，仪容永潜翳。
念此如昨日，谁知已卒岁。
改服从朝政，哀心寄私制。
茵帱张故房，朔望临尔祭。
尔祭讵几时，朔望忽复尽。
衾裳一毁撤，千载不复引。
亹亹朞月周，戚戚弥相愍。
驾言陟东阜，望坟思纡轸。
徘徊墟墓间，欲去复不忍。
徘徊不忍去，徙倚步踟蹰。
孤魂独茕茕，安知灵与无。
投心遵朝命，挥涕强就车。
谁谓帝宫远，路极悲有余。
悼亡诗三首鉴赏
潘岳《悼亡诗》是诗人悼念亡妻杨氏的诗作，共有三首。杨氏是西晋书法家戴侯杨肇的女儿。潘岳十二岁时与她订婚，结婚之后，大约共同生活了二十四个年头。杨氏卒于公元298年（晋惠帝元康八年）。潘岳夫妇感情很好，杨氏亡后，潘岳写了一些悼亡诗赋，除《悼亡诗》三首之外，还有《哀永逝文》《悼亡赋》等，表现了诗人与妻子的深厚感情。在这些悼亡诗赋中，《悼亡诗》三首都堪称杰作，而在三首《悼亡诗》中，第一首传诵千古，尤为有名。这里选析第一首。
这一首《悼亡诗》写作时间大约是杨氏死后一周年，即公元299年（晋惠帝永康九年）。何焯《义门读书记》说：“安仁《悼亡》，盖在终制之后，荏苒冬春，寒暑忽易，是一期已周也。古人未有丧而赋诗者。”结合诗的内容考察，是可以相信的。这首诗，从内容看，可以分为三个部分：
是第一部分，写诗人为妻子守丧一年之后，即将离家返回任所时的心情。开头四句点明妻子去世已经一年。诗人说，时光流逝，爱妻离开人世已整整一年，层层的土壤将他们永远隔绝了。“私怀”四句，写诗人即将离家返回任所的心理活动。就个人对亡妻的思念之情来说，诗人十分愿意留在家中，可是有公务在身，朝廷不会依从，这个愿望是难以实现的。再说，人已死了，就是再继续留在家中，也是没有用。这里提出留与不留的矛盾。矛盾的解决办法是，勉强遵从朝廷之命，转变念头，返回原来任职的地方。
是第二部分，写诗人就要离家返回任所，临行之前，触景生情，心中有说不出的悲哀和痛苦。看到住宅，自然想起亡妻，她的音容笑貌宛在眼前；进入房间，自然忆起与爱妻共同生活的美好经历，她的一举一动，使诗人永远铭记在心间。可是，在罗帐、屏风之间再也见不到爱妻的形影。见到的是墙上挂的亡妻的笔墨遗迹，婉媚依旧，余香未歇。眼前的情景，使诗人的神志恍恍忽忽，好像爱妻还活着，忽然想起她离开人世，心中不免有几分惊惧。这一段心理描写，十分细腻的表现了诗人思念亡妻的感情，真挚动人。这是全诗的最精彩的部分。
应该指出，“流芳”“遗挂”二语，注家尚有不同看法。有人认为“流芳”是指杨氏的化妆用品，有人认为“遗挂”是杨氏的遗像，都是猜测，缺乏根据。余冠英说：“‘流芳’‘遗挂’都承翰墨而言，言亡妻笔墨遗迹，挂在墙上，还有余芳。”（《汉魏六朝诗选》）比较可信。又，“回惶忡惊惕”，意思是由惶惑不安转而感到惊惧。“回”，一作“周”。前人如陈祚明、沈德潜等人多谓此句不通，清人吴淇说：“此诗‘周惶忡惊惕’五字似复而实一字有一字之情，‘怅恍’者，见其所历而犹为未亡。‘周惶忡惊惕’，想其所历而已知其亡，故以‘周惶忡惊惕’五字，合之‘怅恍’，共七字，总以描写室中人新亡，单剩孤孤一身在室内，其心中忐忐忑忑光景如画。”（《六朝选诗定论》）剖析入微，亦颇有理。
“寝息何时忘，沈忧日盈积。”是第三部分，写诗人丧偶的孤独和悲哀。“翰林鸟”，指双飞于林中的鸟。比目鱼，水中一种成对的鱼。《尔雅·释地》说：“东方有比目鱼，不比不行。”传说比目鱼身体很扁，头上只一侧有眼睛，必须与眼睛生在另一侧的比目鱼并游。不论“翰林鸟”，还是“比目鱼”，都是古人常用来比喻夫妻合好。“一朝只”、“中路析”，写出诗人丧偶以后的孤独与凄凉。冬去春来，寒暑流易，爱妻去世，忽已逾周年。又是春风袭人之时，檐下晨霤点点滴滴，逗人哀思，难以入眠。深沉的忧愁，难以消却，如同三春细雨，绵绵无休，盈积心头。要想使哀思衰减，只有效法庄周敲击瓦盆（一种古代乐器）了。《庄子·至乐》说，战国时代宋国人庄周妻死了，惠施去吊丧，见庄周两腿伸直岔开坐在那里敲着瓦盆唱歌。惠施说，妻子死了，不哭也罢，竟然唱起歌来，未免太过分了。庄周说，妻子刚死时，他很悲伤。后来想想，人本无生、无形，由无到有，又由有到无，正如四季循环，就不必要悲伤了。潘岳想效法庄周，以达观的态度消愁，殊不知“此情无计可消除，才下眉头，却上心头”。
潘岳的悼亡诗赋有一个明显的特点，即富于感情。此诗也不例外。陈祚明说：“安仁情深之子，每一涉笔，淋漓倾注，宛转侧折，旁写曲诉，刺刺不能自休。夫诗以道情，未有情深而语不佳者；所嫌笔端繁冗，不能裁节，有逊乐府古诗含蕴不尽之妙耳。”（《采菽堂古诗选》卷十一）这里肯定潘岳悼亡诗的感情“淋漓倾注”，又批评了他的诗繁冗和缺乏“含蕴不尽之妙”，十分中肯。沈德潜对潘岳诗的评价不高，但是对悼亡诗，也指出“其情自深”（《古诗源》卷七）的特点。的确，潘岳悼亡诗感情深沉，颇为感人。
由于潘岳有《悼亡诗》三首是悼念亡妻的，从此以后，“悼亡诗”成为悼念亡妻的专门诗篇，再不是悼念其他死亡者的诗篇。于此可见，潘岳《悼亡诗》深远的影响。
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李忱《
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吊白居易》
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梅尧臣《
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悼亡三首》
潘安简介
唐代·潘安的简介
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王洪
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殿阁青霄迥，山川紫气高。门开天上日，地压海中鳌。
响彻苍龙管，□传碧瓮醪。共欢千载遇，登赏总忘劳。
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花园即事呈常
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唐代：
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赵嘏
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烟煖池塘柳覆台，百花园里看花来。烧衣焰席三千树，破鼻醒愁一万杯。
不肯为歌随拍落，却因令舞带香回。山公仰尔延宾客，好傍春风次第开。
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忆昔自京至关中将四千里所历古迹不能殚记因閒居无事追赋律诗凡十首目之曰忆晋以泄曩日之思云
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：
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李辕
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四月南风驿路长，汴梁河底树苍苍。牙樯锦缆伤前代，□□□□□□□。
□□□□□□□，□□□□□□□。□□□□□□□，□□□□□□□。
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郧襄之役与伯玉侍郎别恰三载矣闻出谼中至钱唐走信奉迎因成感旧之作
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明代：
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王世贞
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祖道春明三载强，宛如苏李赋河梁。君应食酒谈廷尉，我但登临忆侍郎。
一棹不妨衣带水，九秋谁拂蒯缑霜。祗园处处堪题石，莫遣青山负举觞。
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城东行事去李简夫甚迩可以卜见而俱有往返之禁因戏为歌驰寄
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宋代：
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彭汝砺
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故人咫尺水东头，我欲见之心悠悠。有足欲往不自由，形骸静对莺花留。
我思肥陵昔之游，云雾密锁城上楼。把酒待月生海陬，月到行午醉未休。