渔家傲·独木小舟烟雨湿
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宋代]：程垓
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独木小舟烟雨湿。燕儿乱点春江碧。江上青山随意觅。人寂寂。落花芳草催寒食。
昨夜青楼今日客。吹愁不得东风力。细拾残红书怨泣。流水急。不知那个传消息。
渔家傲·独木小舟烟雨湿鉴赏
程垓的《渔家傲》在写作手法上与其他诗词相比，有其独特性，这种独特性主要体现在：一是别具一格的谋篇布局。一般表现男女离别之情的词作，都是以泪洗面，依依不舍的场景描写，扣人心弦。这首词却撇开这些不写，而把描写的场面集中在离人的船上。它通过倒叙，把前夜的聚会，叠印在当日的悲离之中，用当前的相思苦，反衬出以前的相爱之深，从而形成虚与实、悲与欢的对照。这就使得它画面集中，表现深刻。二是独辟蹊径地构想了一个极富表现力的小情节，即在结尾处所写，让残阳传达相思之苦。不过，它的真正目的，并非是通过落花来传情达意，而仅仅是表现自己的一片真心与痴情，减轻一点相思之痛苦罢了。
上片着意描写与GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人分别后船行江中的所见所感。
首三句写春江春雨景色：自己乘坐的小船在烟雨朦胧中行进，到处都是湿湿润润的；燕子在碧绿的江面上纷纷点水嬉戏；两岸的青山若隐若现，倒也可以随意寻认。这些烟雨朦胧中的景物自然是很美的，但又处处暗示出一种忧郁的气氛。“人寂寂”二句也是写景，却更带着浓厚的感情色彩。人寂寂，既指两岸人影稀少，也指自身形影相吊，象离群的孤雁。“落花芳草催寒食”是一种风趣的拟人说法，意即落花缤纷，芳草萋萋，寒食节要到了。古代的寒食节是一个以亲朋友好相聚赏花、游春为主要内容的欢乐的节日。词人于节前离开GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人，想必是出于不得已，难免更添几分惆怅。
下片着意表现不堪忍受的相思之苦。“昨夜青楼今日客”二句点明自己何以感到孤寂与忧伤，那是因为前晚还在青楼（泛指妓女所居）与心爱的人儿欢聚，此时却成了江上的行客，这骤然离别的痛苦叫人怎么忍受得了。想借东风把心中的愁云惨雾吹散吧，只因愁恨如山，东风也吹它不动。在百般无奈中，终于想出了一个排解的新法，那就是后三句所写：将岸边、洲头飞来的落花（即残红），小心拾起，写上自己的愁苦，撒向江中。可是流水太急，不知会漂向何处，意中人怎能看到，这些爱情的使者又向谁传递消息呢？言外之意是愁还是愁，怨还是怨，相思仍如春江水，无止无息。这几句显然是由唐人的红叶题诗的故事演化而来，不仅十分自然，其表现力也超过了原故事，实在是一种再创造。
在古代，有许多文人骚客，每当他们遇到不顺心，难以排解的事情时，譬如，科场失意，官运不佳，爱情坎坷，他们便不惜花费许多时间、金钱去青楼寻花问柳，寻求一时解脱。这首词所描绘的就是这种落魄文人的浪漫生活。这种题材在婉约派诗词中很常见，但在写作上，作者颇费心思，没有落入别人的窠臼。
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李白《
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驾去温泉后赠杨山人》
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苏轼《
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文与可画筼筜谷偃竹记》
程垓简介
唐代·程垓的简介
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「程垓」字正伯，眉山（今属四川）人。苏轼中表程之才（字正辅）之孙。淳熙十三年（1186）游临安，陆游为其所藏山谷帖作跋，未几归蜀。撰有帝王君臣论及时务利害策五十篇。绍熙三年（1192），已五十许，杨万里荐以应贤良方正科。绍熙五年（1194）乡人王称序其词，谓“程正伯以诗词名，乡之人所知也。余顷岁游都下，数见朝士，往往亦称道正伯佳句”。冯煦《蒿庵论词》：“程正伯凄婉绵丽，与草窗所录《绝妙好词》家法相近。”有《书舟词》（一作《书舟雅词》）一卷。
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