题弟侄书堂
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唐代]：杜荀鹤
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何事居穷道不穷，乱时还与静时同。
家山虽在干戈地，弟侄常修礼乐风。
窗竹影摇书案上，野泉声入砚池中。
少年辛苦终身事，莫向光阴惰寸功。
题弟侄书堂译文及注释
译文
虽然住的屋子简陋但知识却没有变少，我还是与往常一样，尽管外面已经战乱纷纷。
故乡虽然在打仗，可是弟侄还在接受儒家思想的教化。
窗外竹子的影子还在书桌上摇摆，砚台中的墨汁好像发出了野外泉水的叮咚声。
年轻时候的努力是有益终身的大事，对着匆匆逝去的光阴，不要丝毫放松自己的努力。
注释
何事：为什么。
居穷道不穷：处于穷困之境仍要注重修养。
乱时：战乱时期。静时：和平时期。
家山：家乡的山，这里代指故乡。
干戈：干和戈本是古代打仗时常用的两种武器，这里代指战争。
礼乐（yuè）：这里指儒家思想。礼，泛指奴隶社会或封建社会贵族等级制的社会规范和道德体系。乐，音乐。儒家很重视音乐的教化作用。
案：几案。
惰：懈怠。
参考资料：
1、陶本一等编 ．语文（七年级上） ：上海教育出版社 ，2013 ．
题弟侄书堂创作背景
这首诗是杜荀鹤为侄子的书堂所题的诗。
题弟侄书堂鉴赏
首联先叙侄子虽未入仕却能于世道纷乱之时谨守礼道，勤奋修业。诗人以此来刻画书堂主人独特的精神风貌，赞美之情溢于言表。他信守儒家尊奉的道德规范，重视修身立德，“家山虽在干戈地”，仍要“常修礼乐风”。对比之中既明弟侄的勤勉好学,更显其卓然的高洁品格。颈联则由人写到书堂之景：窗外绿竹摇曳，影入书案，远处泉水潺潺，流入砚池。视觉与听觉相结合，我们可以想见其弟侄伏案苦读、砚池墨耕的情形。尾联是对侄子的劝勉之辞，劝弟侄莫荒废时光、学业。
这首诗语言上通俗浅近，平易自然，通读全诗，没有一难解字句，质朴之至，仿佛从诗人心中自然流出，毫无半点雕琢痕迹，令你不能不佩服诗人的艺术之高超。这是就全篇来说的，若就其佳句来说，真如行山阴道上，令人应接不暇。“窗竹影摇书案上，野泉声人砚池中”，写景诗句诗情画意，情景交融，却又自然晓畅。同时，这首诗的现实主义的创作方法体现的是杜荀鹤的一个显著艺术特征。杜荀鹤是唐末时一位著名的现实主义诗人，他诗学杜甫、白居易，以揭露弊政，反映民生疾苦为宗旨，注重弘扬现实主义的优良传统。
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上一首：
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玉楼春·雕鞍好为莺花住》
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陈亮《
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贺新郎·怀辛幼安用前韵》
杜荀鹤简介
唐代·杜荀鹤的简介
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杜荀鹤(846～904)，唐代诗人。字彦之，号九华山人。汉族，池州石埭（今安徽石台）人。大顺进士，以诗名，自成一家，尤长于宫词。大顺二年，第一人擢第，复还旧山。宣州田頵遣至汴通好，朱全忠厚遇之，表授翰林学士、主客员外郎、知制诰。恃势侮易缙绅，众怒，欲杀之而未及。天祐初卒。自序其文为《唐风集》十卷，今编诗三卷。事迹见孙光宪《北梦琐言》、何光远《鉴诫录》、《旧五代史·梁书》本传、《唐诗纪事》及《唐才子传》。
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