拟挽歌辞·其三
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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荒草何茫茫，白杨亦萧萧。
严霜九月中，送我出远郊。
四面无人居，高坟正嶕峣。
马为仰天鸣，风为自萧条。
幽室一已闭，千年不复朝。
千年不复朝，贤达无奈何。
向来相送人，各自还其家。
亲戚或余悲，他人亦已歌。
死去何所道，托体同山阿。
拟挽歌辞·其三译文及注释
译文
茫茫荒野草枯黄，萧瑟秋风抖白杨。
已是寒霜九月中。亲人送我远郊葬。
四周寂寞无人烟，坟墓高高甚凄凉。
马为仰天长悲鸣，风为萧瑟作哀响。
墓穴已闭成幽暗，永远不能见曙光。
永远不能见曙光，贤达同样此下场。
刚才送葬那些人，各自还家入其房。
亲戚或许还悲哀，他人早忘已欢唱。
死去还有何话讲，寄托此身在山冈。
注释
何：何其，多么。茫茫：无边无际的样子。
萧萧：风吹树木声。
严霜：寒霜，浓霜。
送我出远郊：指出殡送葬。
无人居：指荒无人烟。
嶕（jiāo）峣（yáo）：高耸的样子。
马：指拉灵枢丧车的马。
幽室：指墓穴。
朝（zhāo）：早晨，天亮。
贤达：古时指有道德学问的人。无奈何：无可奈何，没有办法。指皆不免此运。
向：先时，刚才。
各自还其家：《文选》作“各已归其家”，兹从逯本。
已歌：已经在欢快地歌了。是说人们早已忘了死者，不再有悲哀。
何所道：还有什么可说的呢。
托体：寄身。山阿（ē）：山陵。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：255-262
拟挽歌辞·其三创作背景
陶渊明一生究竟只活了五十几岁（梁启超、古直两家之说）还是活到六十三岁（《宋书·本传》及颜延之《陶徵士诔》），至今尚有争议；因而这一组自挽的《拟挽歌辞三首》是否临终前绝笔也就有了分歧意见。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：255-262
2、吴小如 等．汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1992：598-601
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陶渊明《
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拟挽歌辞·其三》
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王观《
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红芍药·人生百岁》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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