闲居
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宋代]：司马光
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故人通贵绝相过，门外真堪置雀罗。
我已幽慵僮更懒，雨来春草一番多。
闲居译文及注释
译文
老朋友和达官贵人们不再和我往来，我门庭冷落，真的可安放捕鸟的网罗。
我已懒散无聊，什么都不做，家中的仆人更是懒过我。你看，一阵春雨刚过，门外的青草又长了许多。
注释
故人：老朋友。通贵：达官贵人。绝相过：断绝来往。
“门外”句：谓门庭冷落，可安放捕鸟的罗网。这里用此典，说明人情冷暖。罗：捕鸟的罗网。
幽慵：闲散疏懒。僮：仆人。
一番多：一倍多，这里指很多。
闲居创作背景
司马光因与变法派政见不一，遭到排斥，于是从熙宁四年（1071）至元丰八年（1085）退居洛阳，仅任无实权的闲散小职。司马光在洛阳经营“独乐园”，却不甚注重其繁琐家务，专意编写《资治通鉴》。僮仆偷懒以致庭草茂盛。司马光见庭草长势，联想到朝中如日中天的变法派，更为感慨，不知道自己何时能得机清除朝中莠草，遂写下此诗。
参考资料：
1、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：144
2、李梦生．宋诗三百首全解：复旦大学出版社，2007：52
闲居鉴赏
在中国古代诗歌中，咏闲居是重要主题之一，也称为闲适诗。对诗人们来说，所谓闲，不仅仅是没事做或不做事，而是相对出仕忙于公务而言，所以闲居诗往往成了隐居诗的代名词。司马光退居后，不能忘怀于朝廷政治，所以这首《闲居》写闲而实不闲，至少是身闲心不闲，因而格调与传统的闲居诗不同。
诗前两句说自己的老朋友及昔日的同僚们纷纷倒戈，支持新法，与自己断绝来往，家里安静得门可罗雀。第二句用汉翟公典故，讽刺人情冷暖，世风不古，表示自己胸中的不平。下半由此发挥。众叛亲离，他自然郁郁寡欢，对任何事都漠不关心，无精打采。连仆人也改变了以往惯有的勤俭，乘机偷懒，一场春雨过了，庭前杂草丛生，也没人去管。“僮更懒”三字，道出无限辛酸，大有“运衰奴欺主”的味道。
从表面上看，这首诗句句写闲，门庭冷落，无人过访，就少了许多应酬，可以空闲；自己慵懒，无所事事，也是闲。但诗人笔下展示的生活场景不是优游闲散的，而是内外交困的；诗人的心情也不是恬淡安适的，而是抑郁不平的。此诗是浅显中有深致，平淡中有沉郁。这就是此诗的成功之处。
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秦观《
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江城子·南来飞燕北归鸿》
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曹操《
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述志令》
司马光简介
唐代·司马光的简介
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司马光（1019年11月17日－1086年），字君实，号迂叟，陕州夏县（今山西夏县）涑水乡人，《宋史》，《辞海》等明确记载，世称涑水先生。生于河南省信阳市光山县。北宋史学家、文学家。历仕仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗四朝，卒赠太师、温国公，谥文正，主持编纂了中国历史上第一部编年体通史《资治通鉴》，为人温良谦恭、刚正不阿，其人格堪称儒学教化下的典范，历来受人景仰。生平著作甚多，主要有史学巨著《资治通鉴》、《温国文正司马公文集》、《稽古录》、《涑水记闻》、《潜虚》等。
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