口占绝句
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宋代]：道潜
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寄语东山窈窕娘，好将幽梦恼襄王。
禅心已作沾泥絮，不逐春风上下狂。
口占绝句译文及注释
译文
寄语东山那位窈窕的姑娘，总喜欢用幽梦去烦恼襄王。
禅心早已化作沾泥的杨絮，不会再随着春风上下颠狂。
注释
口占：指即兴作诗词，随口吟诵出来。
东山：各地称东山者甚多，不详何指，此处当为艺妓的居处。窈窕：美好貌。
幽梦：隐秘的梦幻。恼：撩拨，使人烦恼。襄王：战国时楚国的国君。
禅心：从佛修行之心。絮：柳絮。
狂：疯狂地飘舞飞扬。
口占绝句创作背景
苏轼于熙宁十年（1077）至元丰二年（1079）任徐州太守，道潜曾由杭州前往探访。苏轼设盛宴为之接风。宴席上，一个年轻貌美的艺妓向道潜求诗，且不断地挑逗撩拨，道潜即兴吟出这首诗。
参考资料：
1、廖养正．中国历代名僧诗选：中国书籍出版社，2015：282
2、印严．印严绘画宋代禅诗百首：中央编译出版社，2015：123
口占绝句鉴赏
题目是“口占”，名符其实，通篇以口语出之，从“寄语”之下，都是答辞。首句点出对方身份——歌妓。“好将幽梦恼襄王”出自宋玉《高唐赋》。这二句意在告诉对方不要来纠缠我，还是找别人去吧。由此可见，道潜之信守佛戒，不近女色，并非是意志力克制的结果，而是已人定界，此心已死。
后二句解释原因：“我”潜心修禅，心无余物，就像沾染了泥的柳絮，沉于地面，不可能随风飘浮了，“我”也不会因你的挑逗而动凡心。这句以柳絮沾泥后不再飘飞，比喻心情沉寂不复波动。柳絮轻飘于天，随风逐舞，犹如人之浮于世；絮之沾泥，犹如人之出于世。
这就是佛家的禅心之所在，佛家有“放心”之说，盖指心猿意马；柳絮沾泥不再飘浮，喻禅心已定，心如止水，“放心”已“收”。诗人之不为声色所动，不是有意识地恪守佛门戒律，刻意约束自己，而是心已入定，形如死灰，春风吹不起半点涟漪。佛门说法，本重比喻，道潜以佛徒身分而用之于诗，可谓不忘其本。而此喻之妙，犹有可说者。春风飘絮，本是自然现象，春天最容易引起感情的波动，柳絮也常以其“轻浮”之质，被赋予男女感情的色彩。这里，不仅柳絮沾泥，风吹不起为人们所习见，因而颇能引起会心的感受，而且，在禅心观照下，以轻质为重质，化喧为寂，设想也颇为别出心裁。
由于作者是位佛徒，人们理解该诗，或许多着重于他对佛门戒律的自觉遵守，即所谓不涉邪淫。然而，从禅家理论来看，其意义尚不止于此。《大乘义章》卷十三说：“禅定之心正取所缘，名曰思维。······所言定者，当体为名，心住一缘，离于散动，故名为定。”禅定，本指坐禅时住心于一境。广义地看，坚守禅心，不受干扰，如絮之沾泥，风吹不起，不也就是禅定的功夫么。诗人不受女色之诱，并不是由于意识到佛门戒律，更不是害怕别人的指责，而是他本来就心如止水。这不由得使世人想起了“二祖安心”的公案。禅要自己参，心要自己安。道潜之所以能够达到这种境界，正是他本人已经“安心”的结果。
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辛弃疾《
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蝶恋花·月下醉书雨岩石浪》
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柳宗元《
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觉衰》
道潜简介
唐代·道潜的简介
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道潜（1043—1106）北宋诗僧。本姓何，字参寥，赐号妙总大师。於潜（今属浙江临安）浮村人。自幼出家。与苏轼诸人交好，轼谪居黄州时，他曾专程前去探望。元祐中，住杭州智果禅院。因写诗语涉讥刺，被勒令还俗。后得昭雪，复削发为僧。著有《参寥子集》。
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