礼部贡院阅进士试
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宋代]：欧阳修
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紫殿焚香暖吹轻，广庭清晓席群英。
无哗战士衔枚勇，下笔春蚕食叶声。
乡里献贤先德行，朝廷列爵待公卿。
自惭衰病心神耗，赖有群公识鉴精。
礼部贡院阅进士试译文及注释
译文
贡院里香烟缭绕，春天的和风又暖又轻，宽阔的庭中一清早就坐满了各地来应试的精英。
举子们紧张肃穆地战斗，如同衔枚疾走的士兵，只听见笔在纸上沙沙作响，仿佛是春蚕嚼食桑叶的声音。
郡县里向京都献上贤才，首先重视的是品德操行，朝廷中分等授予官职，依赖着执政大臣。
我感到惭愧的是身体衰病心神已尽，选拔超群的英才，全仗诸位来识别辨明。
注释
礼部：官署名，为六部之一，掌礼乐、祭祀、封建、宴乐及学校贡举的政令。贡院：科举时代考试贡士之所。
紫殿：指京都贡院。一作“紫案”。暖吹：暖风，指春风。
席：犹言列坐。
⑷衔枚：古代军旅、田役时，令口中横衔状如短筷的“枚”，以禁喧哗。此处比喻人人肃静。乡里：犹言郡县。献贤：献举人才。先德行：以德行为先。
列爵：分颁爵位。《尚书·武成》：“列爵惟五”，指公、侯、伯、子、男五等，此处代指官职。公卿：指执政大臣。
衰病：衰弱抱病。耗：无，尽。
赖：幸亏。群公：指同时主持考试者如范仲淹、王安石、梅尧臣等人。识鉴：能赏识人才、辨别是非，一作“鉴裁”，又作“择鉴”。
参考资料：
1、黄进德．欧阳修诗词文选评：上海古籍出版社，2004：150-151
2、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：92
3、刘永生．宋诗选：天津古籍出版社，1997：61
礼部贡院阅进士试创作背景
据6此诗作于宋仁宗嘉祐四年（1059年）。宋初文风，沿五代余习，刻意雕琢，讲究骈偶。引起有识之士的不满。欧阳修主持贡举（嘉祐二年，1057年），大举改革，此次考试，苏轼、苏辙兄弟同时中进士，曾巩亦在榜中，可谓一时胜举。作者见人才济济，而作此诗。
参考资料：
1、黄进德．欧阳修诗词文选评：上海古籍出版社，2004：150-151
2、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：92
礼部贡院阅进士试鉴赏
宋初的考试制度，大致承袭唐代，由州府举荐考生，入京应试，由礼部主持其事。此诗即以一员考官的身份写出他的见闻与感受。
从诗中可知，考试时间是在初春时节。首联着力渲染了礼部试的考场环境——群英毕至，贡院里肃穆幽雅，试院中焚起了香，以消除人多的异味，且能增添祥瑞肃穆的气氛。颔联重点描绘士子答题情况，考生们大清早就入场了，没有一点喧闹嘈杂之声。试题下发后，考生奋笔疾书，一片沙沙沙的声音，好似春蚕在吃桑叶。颈联表明考试意义，诗人对此景象不禁发生感慨，济济多士，尽是天下英才，国家的栋梁。尾联自谦衰病，谆谆嘱托同僚，作为选拔人才的考官，应当具有慧眼认真鉴别。诗中说自己老病，精神不济。阅卷挑选人才之事要拜托同仁，那是谦逊之辞。全诗透露出一种惜才爱才的真挚感情，也表达了要为国选出真才的责任感和使命感。
封建时代的科考，是朝廷的一件大事，国家寄予厚望，违法者将置以重刑，轻则充军流放边地，重则杀头，半点也马虎不得。在清朝，主考官在考试期间出行，车后竖铡刀一把，以示自律。鲁迅的祖父就因为替考生向考官行贿，被判斩监候的。抡才大典，朝廷、考官、考生都是全力以赴的，诗正是确切而生动地写出了这种景象。
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柳宗元《
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诏追赴都二月至灞亭上》
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方苞《
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孙征君传》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。
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