解佩令·自题词集
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清代]：朱彝尊
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十年磨剑，五陵结客，把平生、涕泪都飘尽。老去填词，一半是、空中传恨。几曾围、燕钗蝉鬓。
不师秦七，不师黄九，倚新声、玉田差近。落拓江湖，且分付、歌筵红粉。料封侯、白头无分。
解佩令·自题词集译文及注释
译文
十年磨砺宝剑，在豪杰聚集地区结交宾客，把平生的眼泪都飘落干尽。年华老去填写歌词，有一半是在虚空中传递愁恨。身边几时曾经围绕着头戴玉燕钗、鬓式如蝉翼的美人？
不学习秦观词的婉约，不学习黄庭坚词的奇崛，依照新的声调填词和张炎所作风格大致相近。漫游江湖，放浪不羁，姑且吩咐筵席上红粉歌女演唱遣兴。料想自己直到头发全白，也没有封侯的缘分。
注释
解佩令：词牌名。始见北宋晏几道《小山乐府》。双调六十六字，上下片各五仄韵。亦有少叶二至三韵者。
词集：指朱彝尊的词集《江湖载酒集》，凡三卷，编成于康熙十一年（1672年）。
十年磨剑：比喻多年刻苦磨练。
五陵：指西汉五个皇帝陵墓，即高帝长陵、惠帝安陵、景帝阳陵、武帝茂陵、昭帝平陵，均在今陕西咸阳市附近，渭水北岸。汉元帝以前，每立陵墓，辄迁徙四方豪富及外戚在此附近居住，令其供奉园陵。后因以五陵代指豪门大族。
结客：结交宾客，多指结交豪侠之士。
空中传恨：比喻虚浮的言情之作。
燕钗蝉鬓（bìn）：代指女子。燕钗：一种燕形的钗；蝉鬓：古代妇女发式的一种。
秦七：北宋词人秦观，排行第七。
黄九：北宋词人黄庭坚，排行第九。
倚新声：按新谱填词。
玉田差近：谓词人所填词接近张玉田。或谓自己博采众长，达于新境，回视张炎，似与己差近。玉田：南宋词人张炎的号。
落拓：放浪不羁。
江湖：泛指四方各地。
歌筵（yán）：有歌伎唱曲劝酒的筵席。
红粉：胭脂和铅粉，女子化妆品。
参考资料：
1、李道英，刘孝严主编；韩进廉，张一平本册主编．中国古代文学作品选 第六册 清近：东北师范大学出版社，1998.08：第100-101页
2、邬国平，顾易生主编．古典诗词今译与评析：上海教育出版社，2003.04 第1版：第275页
解佩令·自题词集创作背景
词人少壮时曾与爱国志士结交，从事抗清复明斗争，后来事败出亡，飘零四方。于是词人将这时期所作的部分词篇编成《江湖载酒集》，并题了这首词。
参考资料：
1、邬国平，顾易生主编．古典诗词今译与评析：上海教育出版社，2003.04 第1版：第276页
解佩令·自题词集鉴赏
上片抒发壮志难酬，抛却浮名、填词传恨的苦衷。词的开端：“十年磨剑，五陵结客，把平生、涕泪都飘尽。”这是说，词人的性格，本来是豪爽刚毅的，与豪侠结友，佩剑自随，想建立一番事业，但事与愿违，处处碰壁，洒尽涕泪而已。接着写“老去填词，一半是空中传恨。几曾围、燕钗蝉鬓。”在其词集中，虽有一些艳词，不过是空中传恨而已，并不曾在青楼歌馆，留连声色。但强调其空中恨的词只有“一半”，而另“一半”也许并非空中传恨，所以用词甚妙。
下片揭示其词学宗旨和落拓失意的情怀。换头写“不师秦七，不师黄九，倚新声、玉田差近。”词人认为秦少游之词，偏于柔婉；黄山谷之词，偏于奇崛。他对张玉田崇尚清空，乃奉为圭臬，认为己词之风格，与玉田接近。接着写“落拓江湖，且分付、歌筵红粉。料封侯、白头无分。”这几句是照应开头，壮志未酬，垂暮之年，封侯无分，只好“老去填词”，落拓江湖而已。这与辛弃疾“倩何人唤取，红巾翠袖，捏英雄泪”之句，用意相同。英雄失志的悲哀与无可奈何的愁绪，跃然纸上。这种结语，又与开端互相映照，显得结构谨严。
这首词以自述式的描写，活画出一个失意丈夫形象，他因大志难酬而调怅唏嘘，只好舞弄文墨，借填词来写其怅恨，以声色来消其心中块垒。词人意兴颓丧，且又笔致冷隽，使全词笼罩着一片灰暗凄切的消极情调。然柔中有骨，字行间仍使人感受到作为一个词人的主人公不懈努力的精神。壮志既不成，干脆愤而填词，以遣情怀，这正是词中所着力表现的题旨。这首词尽管用典良多，却给读者以自然浑成感，毫无琐屑堆砌之病。
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杜甫《
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草堂》
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陶渊明《
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悲从弟仲德》
朱彝尊简介
唐代·朱彝尊的简介
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朱彝尊(1629～1709)，清代诗人、词人、学者、藏书家。字锡鬯，号竹垞，又号驱芳，晚号小长芦钓鱼师，又号金风亭长。汉族，秀水（今浙江嘉兴市）人。康熙十八年（1679）举博学鸿词科，除检讨。二十二年（1683）入直南书房。曾参加纂修《明史》。博通经史，诗与王士祯称南北两大宗。作词风格清丽，为浙西词派的创始者，与陈维崧并称朱陈。精于金石文史，购藏古籍图书不遗余力，为清初著名藏书家之一。
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