咏梅九首
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明代]：高启
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琼姿只合在瑶台，谁向江南处处栽？
雪满山中高士卧，月明林下美人来。
寒依疏影萧萧竹，春掩残香漠漠苔。
自去何郎无好咏，东风愁寂几回开。
缟袂相逢半是仙，平生水竹有深缘。
将疏尚密微经雨，似暗还明远在烟。
薄瞑山家松树下，嫩寒江店杏花前。
秦人若解当时种，不引渔郎入洞天。
翠羽惊飞别树头，冷香狼籍倩谁收。
骑驴客醉风吹帽，放鹤人归雪满舟。
淡月微云皆似梦，空山流水独成愁。
几看孤影低徊处，只道花神夜出游。
淡淡霜华湿粉痕，谁施绡帐护春温。
诗随十里寻春路，愁在三更挂月村。
飞去只忧云作伴，销来肯信玉为魂。
一尊欲访罗浮客，落叶空山正掩门。
云雾为屏雪作宫，尘埃无路可能通。
春风未动枝先觉，夜月初来树欲空。
翠袖佳人依竹下，白衣宰相在山中。
寂寥此地君休怨，回首名园尽棘丛。
梦断扬州阁掩尘，幽期犹自属诗人。
立残孤影长过夜，看到余芳不是春。
云暖空山裁玉遍，月寒深浦泣珠频。
掀篷图里当时见，错爱横斜却未真。
独开无那只依依，肯为愁多减玉辉？
廉外钟来月初上，灯前角断忽霜飞。
行人水驿春全早，啼鸟山塘晚半稀。
愧我素衣今已化，相逢远自洛阳归。
最爱寒多最得阳，仙游长在白云乡。
春愁寂寞天应老，夜色朦胧月亦香。
楚客不吟江路寂，吴王已醉苑台荒。
枝头谁见花惊处？袅袅微风簌簌霜。
断魂只有月明知，无限春愁在一枝。
不共人言唯独笑，忽疑君到正相思。
歌残别院烧灯夜，妆罢深宫览镜时。
旧梦已随流水远，山窗聊复伴题诗。
咏梅九首鉴赏
“琼姿只合在瑶台，谁向江南处处栽？”琼姿，这是古诗词中的常用词了，谓瑰丽的姿容，通常只用于梅花。不过，诗的首联，却一点也不因这措辞的常见而显得平凡：神话中的昆仑山，上有瑶台十二座，皆以五色彩玉筑成；梅花既有瑰丽的风姿，那么就本该（合，应该）充任瑶台上的琼玉，至于它们为何不留居在飘渺的仙山，却被不知哪位仙家之手，栽向了江南的处处山林，这，可真是个令人大惑不解的疑问！这二句，给凡间的梅花，赋予了谪仙的身份，使它们纵然已降生到地上，却终究是超凡出尘、气质异于俗中众花。若不是诗人对梅的品行理解至深，安能作此奇想、出此奇语、发此奇问？至于为何只说栽于江南，而不说栽于天下，这，也可算得个疑问：大概，诗人一生足迹不出江南，在他的心目中，只有这片山川钟秀、人杰地灵的广土，才最适宜迎接梅的降临？
“雪满山中高士卧”，梅花到底还是来到了人间，不过，它们既然是夙具仙骨，当然也不屑在尘埃之中生长；远离人迹的烦嚣，栖住到大雪铺满的深山，这，才是这位孤高拔俗的隐士的愿望。常人说到梅花，总不免提什么“傲霜斗雪”，其实，梅花又何尝逞勇好斗？雪满山中，它们却稳稳地酣卧，何尝把大雪放在心上？大雪又怎配做它们的对头？“月明林下美人来”，梅花到底是花的一种，是世人愿意亲近的美人，不过，这美人既然是仙子下凡，俗人当然不能轻易窥到，若去闹市中寻觅，无异于水中捞月。你须得摒弃一切俗念，退身到清风明月的林泉之下，那时，你才能见到她款款而来，神情是那么超朗闲雅，容貌是那么清秀动人，一如《世说新语》中的咏絮才女谢道蕴，“神情散朗”，有“林下风气”。
“雪满山中高士卧，月明林下美人来。”请反复吟诵这千古名句，请反复体味其中的含义：独立而无惊、无憾的高士，秀雅而不艳、不俗的美人，梅花的高洁精神，不正化身于这二者而得到了最生动的显现了吗？
“寒依疏影萧萧竹，春掩残香漠漠苔。”这二句是分承上二句，再作进一步的申说，其原来的含义，应该是如下：山间的苍苍秀竹，自不会放过与高士交结的机会，它们把自己萧萧竹声中的清寒，奉献给梅花的身影，好让那疏朗的梅影得了清寒的依附，更显得仪态高峻；山间最不起眼的漠漠青苔（漠漠，密布之貌），也知道爱怜美人，当她完成了报春的使命，零落的花瓣半蚀于春泥之时，它们也会把自己身携的微微春意，轻轻遮掩在她残留的清香之上，好让无意争春的美人，也多少领受点春的回报。这二句的正常顺序，本来也该是“萧萧寒竹依疏影，漠漠春苔掩残香”，殊不料，诗人却把“寒”与“春”提炼到醒目的句首，显得这二者才是依托于“疏影”、“残香”的梅之魂魄，而遗于句尾的“竹”、“苔”，倒成了这二者蜕下的躯壳。次序一变，诗的境界顿异，诗人的笔法，真是老到。
“自去何郎无好咏，东风愁寂几回开？”何郎，指南朝的诗人何逊，作有《扬州法曹梅花盛开》等诗，虽然他不是第一个咏梅者，但诗人大概认为梅花的“好咏”（佳作）自他而始。在何逊之后，诗坛上当然也不乏“好咏”，但诗人在这里说梅花自从何逊去了便不逢知己，使自己不禁要问它们在漫漫的岁月里，寂寞愁苦地在东风中开落了多少回，似乎近千年来只生出自己一个梅花的知音——这，说他目无古人、过于自负，也未尝不是；但若没这份空前的自信，又如何有胆量抛开古人的陈规所限，别创出这千古佳作？况且，佳作既已咏成，就算他真的笑傲古人，古人到底也指摘他不得！
具体的梅易写，抽象的梅难说；梅之形态易赋，梅之精魂难摄。何也？诗人若不先禀有梅的灵性，又安能窥到梅的灵魂深处？因此，由此意义上说，读者最该佩服的，倒不在诗人手笔的高妙，而应是诗人襟怀的高洁；读者在梅的“疏影”之上，也更该细看是否有诗人自己的身影在“依”着。
临末还有一点说明。注家谓：“雪满山中”句，出自东汉袁安卧雪之典；“月明林下”句，出自隋朝赵师雄在月夜林中逢美人饮酒、醒来在大梅树下之典。（见清人金坛《高青丘诗集注》）其实，袁安卧雪在城中，而不在山上；赵师雄所遇的美人，与赵在酒肆中狎饮，岂可算梅花的化身？清人寻出的典故，多有胶柱鼓瑟之病，今悉不取。
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卢照邻《
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梅花落》
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和凝《
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菩萨蛮·越梅半拆轻寒里》
高启简介
唐代·高启的简介
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高启（1336－1373）汉族，江苏苏州人，元末明初著名诗人，与杨基、张羽、徐贲被誉为“吴中四杰”，当时论者把他们比作“明初四杰”，又与王行等号“北郭十友”。字季迪，号槎轩，平江路（明改苏州府）长洲县（今江苏省苏州市）人；洪武初，以荐参修《元史》，授翰林院国史编修官，受命教授诸王。擢户部右侍郎。苏州知府魏观在张士诚宫址改修府治，获罪被诛。高启曾为之作《上梁文》，有“龙蟠虎踞”四字，被疑为歌颂张士诚，连坐腰斩。有《高太史大全集》、《凫藻集》等。
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晓发沙城由东山间道薄暮始达宣府
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：
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李时勉
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仆夫促严驾，晓发銮舆先。避彼鸡鸣道，迂回由东山。
山险历层叠，路狭经万盘。下山入地底，登高上云端。
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江上晚兴有怀金海住先生
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清代：
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吴询
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落日秋江清，潮寒散空碧。江水去悠悠，此夕孤舟客。
遥遥湖上山，粼粼沙中石。余霞敛复晴，昏烟淡将夕。
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喜迁莺 露筋祠
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清代：
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易顺鼎
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灵旗风大。怅春阴换尽，都飞凉霭。鱼地铺冰，蟾天浸月，不照寻常眉黛。
小蚊已辞秋帐，成就芳名百代。泪休洒，自翠蛾无恙，青蝇安在。